CVE-2025-23184 | Apache CXF: Denial of Service vulnerability with temporary files

A potential denial of service vulnerability is present in versions of Apache CXF before 3.5.10, 3.6.5 and 4.0.6. In some edge cases, the CachedOutputStream instances may not be closed and, if backed by temporary files, may fill up the file system (it applies to servers and clients).

Published: 2025-01-21 Last update: 2025-12-15 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Modified，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2025-23184 is rated Moderate Risk (50.9/100): CVSS Medium severity, with medium exploitation likelihood (EPSS 1.94%). Review affected assets and schedule remediation.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2025-23184

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-06-19 1.81% 1.94% +0.14%
2 2026-06-15 0.14% 1.81% +1.66%
3 2026-02-28 — 0.14% —

Full EPSS history (27 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2025-23184

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
5.9 3.1 MEDIUM
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:H)
Even with access, the exploit needs extra luck, timing, or a fussy environment to actually work.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:N)
Doesn’t really leak secrets in a meaningful way.
Integrity (I:N)
Data isn’t meaningfully altered or forged.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 2.2 3.6 [email protected]
7.5 3.1 HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:N)
Doesn’t really leak secrets in a meaningful way.
Integrity (I:N)
Data isn’t meaningfully altered or forged.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 3.9 3.6 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2025-23184

GitHub Security Advisory for CVE-2025-23184

GHSA-fh5r-crhr-qrrq · Severity: high · Ecosystem: maven — Apache CXF: Denial of Service vulnerability with temporary files

OS Trackers for CVE-2025-23184

vendor priority summary link
redhat low — https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-23184

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2025-23184

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
apache cxf < 3.5.10 cpe:2.3:a:apache:cxf:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
apache cxf >= 3.6.0, < 3.6.5 cpe:2.3:a:apache:cxf:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
apache cxf >= 4.0.0, < 4.0.6 cpe:2.3:a:apache:cxf:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2025-23184

cvelogic Threat Intelligence