CVE-2025-25005 | Microsoft Exchange Server Tampering Vulnerability

Improper input validation in Microsoft Exchange Server allows an authorized attacker to perform tampering over a network.

Published: 2025-08-12 Last update: 2025-08-21 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Analyzed，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2025-25005 is rated Moderate Risk (55.6/100): CVSS Medium severity, with medium exploitation likelihood (EPSS 2.29%). Review affected assets and schedule remediation.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2025-25005

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-05-29 2.44% 2.29% -0.15%
2 2026-05-18 1.81% 2.44% +0.63%
3 2026-05-08 — 1.81% —

Full EPSS history (10 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2025-25005

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
6.5 3.1 MEDIUM
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:L)
A normal user session is enough; they don’t have to be admin.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:N)
Data isn’t meaningfully altered or forged.
Availability (A:N)
Service keeps running; no real outage angle.
 2.8 3.6 [email protected]
6.5 3.1 MEDIUM
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:L)
A normal user session is enough; they don’t have to be admin.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:N)
Doesn’t really leak secrets in a meaningful way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:N)
Service keeps running; no real outage angle.
 2.8 3.6 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2025-25005

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2025-25005

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
microsoft exchange_server < 15.02.2562.020 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:exchange_server:*:*:*:*:subscription:*:*:*
microsoft exchange_server 2016 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:exchange_server:2016:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
microsoft exchange_server 2016 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:exchange_server:2016:cumulative_update_1:*:*:*:*:*:*
microsoft exchange_server 2016 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:exchange_server:2016:cumulative_update_10:*:*:*:*:*:*
microsoft exchange_server 2016 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:exchange_server:2016:cumulative_update_11:*:*:*:*:*:*
microsoft exchange_server 2016 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:exchange_server:2016:cumulative_update_12:*:*:*:*:*:*
microsoft exchange_server 2016 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:exchange_server:2016:cumulative_update_13:*:*:*:*:*:*
microsoft exchange_server 2016 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:exchange_server:2016:cumulative_update_14:*:*:*:*:*:*
microsoft exchange_server 2016 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:exchange_server:2016:cumulative_update_15:*:*:*:*:*:*
microsoft exchange_server 2016 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:exchange_server:2016:cumulative_update_16:*:*:*:*:*:*
microsoft exchange_server 2016 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:exchange_server:2016:cumulative_update_17:*:*:*:*:*:*
microsoft exchange_server 2016 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:exchange_server:2016:cumulative_update_18:*:*:*:*:*:*
microsoft exchange_server 2016 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:exchange_server:2016:cumulative_update_19:*:*:*:*:*:*
microsoft exchange_server 2016 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:exchange_server:2016:cumulative_update_2:*:*:*:*:*:*
microsoft exchange_server 2016 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:exchange_server:2016:cumulative_update_20:*:*:*:*:*:*
microsoft exchange_server 2016 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:exchange_server:2016:cumulative_update_21:*:*:*:*:*:*
microsoft exchange_server 2016 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:exchange_server:2016:cumulative_update_22:*:*:*:*:*:*
microsoft exchange_server 2016 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:exchange_server:2016:cumulative_update_3:*:*:*:*:*:*
microsoft exchange_server 2016 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:exchange_server:2016:cumulative_update_4:*:*:*:*:*:*
microsoft exchange_server 2016 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:exchange_server:2016:cumulative_update_5:*:*:*:*:*:*
microsoft exchange_server 2016 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:exchange_server:2016:cumulative_update_6:*:*:*:*:*:*
microsoft exchange_server 2016 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:exchange_server:2016:cumulative_update_7:*:*:*:*:*:*
microsoft exchange_server 2016 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:exchange_server:2016:cumulative_update_8:*:*:*:*:*:*
microsoft exchange_server 2016 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:exchange_server:2016:cumulative_update_9:*:*:*:*:*:*
microsoft exchange_server 2019 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:exchange_server:2019:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
microsoft exchange_server 2019 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:exchange_server:2019:cumulative_update_1:*:*:*:*:*:*
microsoft exchange_server 2019 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:exchange_server:2019:cumulative_update_10:*:*:*:*:*:*
microsoft exchange_server 2019 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:exchange_server:2019:cumulative_update_11:*:*:*:*:*:*
microsoft exchange_server 2019 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:exchange_server:2019:cumulative_update_12:*:*:*:*:*:*
microsoft exchange_server 2019 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:exchange_server:2019:cumulative_update_13:*:*:*:*:*:*
microsoft exchange_server 2019 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:exchange_server:2019:cumulative_update_2:*:*:*:*:*:*
microsoft exchange_server 2019 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:exchange_server:2019:cumulative_update_3:*:*:*:*:*:*
microsoft exchange_server 2019 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:exchange_server:2019:cumulative_update_4:*:*:*:*:*:*
microsoft exchange_server 2019 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:exchange_server:2019:cumulative_update_5:*:*:*:*:*:*
microsoft exchange_server 2019 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:exchange_server:2019:cumulative_update_6:*:*:*:*:*:*
microsoft exchange_server 2019 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:exchange_server:2019:cumulative_update_7:*:*:*:*:*:*
microsoft exchange_server 2019 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:exchange_server:2019:cumulative_update_8:*:*:*:*:*:*
microsoft exchange_server 2019 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:exchange_server:2019:cumulative_update_9:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2025-25005

cvelogic Threat Intelligence