CVE-2025-27407 | Remote code execution when loading a crafted GraphQL schema

graphql-ruby is a Ruby implementation of GraphQL. Starting in version 1.11.5 and prior to versions 1.11.8, 1.12.25, 1.13.24, 2.0.32, 2.1.14, 2.2.17, and 2.3.21, loading a malicious schema definition in `GraphQL::Schema.from_introspection` (or `GraphQL::Schema::Loader.load`) can result in remote code execution. Any system which loads a schema by JSON from an untrusted source is vulnerable, including those that use GraphQL::Client to load external schemas via GraphQL introspection. Versions 1.11.8, 1.12.25, 1.13.24, 2.0.32, 2.1.14, 2.2.17, and 2.3.21 contain a patch for the issue.

Published: 2025-03-12 Last update: 2026-04-15 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]

Conclusion & alert: CVE-2025-27407 is rated Moderate Risk (63.8/100): CVSS Critical severity, with medium exploitation likelihood (EPSS 1.36%). Mandatory action: Review affected assets and schedule remediation.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2025-27407

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-04-20 1.64% 1.36% -0.28%
2 2026-03-04 0.58% 1.64% +1.06%
3 2026-03-01 0.58%

Full EPSS history (44 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2025-27407

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
9.0 3.1 CRITICAL
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:H)
Even with access, the exploit needs extra luck, timing, or a fussy environment to actually work.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:C)
Breaking this can reach past the original component and bite other resources—bigger blast radius.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
2.2 6.0 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2025-27407

GitHub Security Advisory for CVE-2025-27407

GHSA-q92j-grw3-h492 · Severity: critical · Ecosystem: rubygems — graphql allows remote code execution when loading a crafted GraphQL schema

OS Trackers for CVE-2025-27407

vendor priority summary link
debian not yet assigned CVE-2025-27407 not yet assigned priority: Debian including 1 source packages (ruby-graphql), 5 status rows across 5 suites (bookworm, bullseye, forky, sid, trixie): resolved 4, open 1. https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2025-27407
redhat high https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-27407
ubuntu medium CVE-2025-27407 medium priority: Ubuntu including 1 source packages (ruby-graphql), 7 status rows across 7 suites (focal, jammy, noble, oracular, plucky, questing, upstream): needs-triage 5, ignored 2. https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-27407

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2025-27407

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
No affected products in dataset.

References for CVE-2025-27407

URL Tags
https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patch-release-gitlab-17-9-2-released
https://github.com/github-community-projects/graphql-client
https://github.com/rmosolgo/graphql-ruby/commit/28233b16c0eb9d0fb7808f4980e061dc7507c4cd
https://github.com/rmosolgo/graphql-ruby/commit/2d2f4ed1f79472f8eed29c864b039649e1de238f
https://github.com/rmosolgo/graphql-ruby/commit/5c5a7b9a9bdce143be048074aea50edb7bb747be
https://github.com/rmosolgo/graphql-ruby/commit/6eca16b9fa553aa957099a30dbde64ddcdac52ca
https://github.com/rmosolgo/graphql-ruby/commit/d0963289e0dab4ea893bbecf12bb7d89294957bb
https://github.com/rmosolgo/graphql-ruby/commit/d1117ae0361d9ed67e0795b07f5c3e98e62f3c7c
https://github.com/rmosolgo/graphql-ruby/commit/e3b33ace05391da2871c75ab4d3b66e29133b367
https://github.com/rmosolgo/graphql-ruby/security/advisories/GHSA-q92j-grw3-h492
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/08/msg00002.html
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