GHSA-2c2h-2855-mf97 · Severity: medium · Ecosystem: maven — Apache Camel: Camel Message Header Injection via Improper Filtering
Bypass/Injection vulnerability in Apache Camel components under particular conditions. This issue affects Apache Camel: from 4.10.0 through <= 4.10.1, from 4.8.0 through <= 4.8.4, from 3.10.0 through <= 3.22.3. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 4.10.2 for 4.10.x LTS, 4.8.5 for 4.8.x LTS and 3.22.4 for 3.x releases. This vulnerability is present in Camel's default incoming header filter, that allows an attacker to include Camel specific headers that for some Camel components can alter the behaviours such as the camel-bean component, to call another method on the bean, than was coded in the application. In the camel-jms component, then a malicious header can be used to send the message to another queue (on the same broker) than was coded in the application. This could also be seen by using the camel-exec component The attacker would need to inject custom headers, such as HTTP protocols. So if you have Camel applications that are directly connected to the internet via HTTP, then an attacker could include malicious HTTP headers in the HTTP requests that are send to the Camel application. All the known Camel HTTP component such as camel-servlet, camel-jetty, camel-undertow, camel-platform-http, and camel-netty-http would be vulnerable out of the box. In these conditions an attacker could be able to forge a Camel header name and make the bean component invoking other methods in the same bean. In terms of usage of the default header filter strategy the list of components using that is: * camel-activemq * camel-activemq6 * camel-amqp * camel-aws2-sqs * camel-azure-servicebus * camel-cxf-rest * camel-cxf-soap * camel-http * camel-jetty * camel-jms * camel-kafka * camel-knative * camel-mail * camel-nats * camel-netty-http * camel-platform-http * camel-rest * camel-sjms * camel-spring-rabbitmq * camel-stomp * camel-tahu * camel-undertow * camel-xmpp The vulnerability arises due to a bug in the default filtering mechanism that only blocks headers starting with "Camel", "camel", or "org.apache.camel.". Mitigation: You can easily work around this in your Camel applications by removing the headers in your Camel routes. There are many ways of doing this, also globally or per route. This means you could use the removeHeaders EIP, to filter out anything like "cAmel, cAMEL" etc, or in general everything not starting with "Camel", "camel" or "org.apache.camel.".
Conclusion & alert: CVE-2025-27636 is rated High Exploit Risk (73.9/100): CVSS Medium severity, with high exploitation likelihood (EPSS 54.24%, 98th percentile). Core evidence: 1 public exploit reference(s) are indexed (Exploit-DB). EPSS rose +2.18% over the last day, indicating growing attacker interest. Mandatory action: Public exploits are available—assess exposure, apply mitigations, and prioritize patching.
Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.
| EDB-ID | Source | Kind | Published | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | nvd_ref | exploit_tag | Exploit-DB ↗ |
EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).
| # | Date | Old EPSS score | New EPSS score | Delta (New - Old) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2026-06-08 | 52.06% | 54.24% | +2.18% |
| 2 | 2026-05-27 | 55.93% | 52.06% | -3.87% |
| 3 | 2026-05-22 | — | 55.93% | — |
Full EPSS history (46 records total)
CVSS metrics for this CVE.
| Base score | Version | Severity | Vector | Exploitability | Impact | Score source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.6 | 3.1 | MEDIUM |
|
2.2 | 3.4 | 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0 |
GHSA-2c2h-2855-mf97 · Severity: medium · Ecosystem: maven — Apache Camel: Camel Message Header Injection via Improper Filtering
| vendor | priority | summary | link |
|---|---|---|---|
redhat
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medium | — | https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-27636 |
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://camel.apache.org/security/CVE-2025-27636.html | Vendor Advisory |
| https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CAMEL-21828 | Issue Tracking Patch |
| https://lists.apache.org/thread/l3zcg3vts88bmc7w8172wkgw610y693z | Mailing List Vendor Advisory |
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/03/09/1 | Mailing List Third Party Advisory |
| https://camel.apache.org/security/CVE-2025-27636.txt.asc | Exploit |
| https://github.com/akamai/CVE-2025-27636-Apache-Camel-PoC/blob/main/src/main/java/com/example/camel/VulnerableCamel.java | Product |