CVE-2025-28409

Exp

An issue in RUoYi v.4.8.0 allows a remote attacker to escalate privileges via the add method of the /add/{parentId} endpoint does not properly validate whether the requesting user has permission to add a menu item under the specified parentId

Published: 2025-04-07 Last update: 2025-04-09 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Analyzed，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2025-28409 is rated High Exploit Risk (77.9/100): CVSS High severity, with medium exploitation likelihood (EPSS 1.36%). 1 public exploit reference(s) are indexed (Exploit-DB). Public exploits are available—assess exposure, apply mitigations, and prioritize patching.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Public exploit references (Exploit-DB) for CVE-2025-28409

EDB-ID Source Kind Published Link
— nvd_ref exploit_tag Exploit-DB ↗

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2025-28409

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-05-18 1.81% 1.36% -0.45%
2 2026-05-17 0.72% 1.81% +1.10%
3 2026-02-01 — 0.72% —

Full EPSS history (8 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2025-28409

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
8.8 3.1 HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:L)
A normal user session is enough; they don’t have to be admin.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 2.8 5.9 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2025-28409

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2025-28409

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
ruoyi ruoyi 4.8.0 cpe:2.3:a:ruoyi:ruoyi:4.8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2025-28409

cvelogic Threat Intelligence