CVE-2025-30232

A use-after-free in Exim 4.96 through 4.98.1 could allow users (with command-line access) to escalate privileges.

Published: 2025-03-28 Last update: 2025-09-30 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Analyzed，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2025-30232 is rated Moderate Risk (43.7/100): CVSS High severity, with low exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.13%). Review affected assets and schedule remediation.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2025-30232

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-05-04 0.02% 0.13% +0.11%
2 2025-03-28 — 0.02% —

Full EPSS history (2 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2025-30232

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
8.1 3.1 HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:L)
They already need access on the box, or another person has to do something wrong; it’s not a remote drive-by.
Attack complexity (AC:H)
Even with access, the exploit needs extra luck, timing, or a fussy environment to actually work.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:C)
Breaking this can reach past the original component and bite other resources—bigger blast radius.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 1.4 6.0 [email protected]
7.8 3.1 HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:L)
They already need access on the box, or another person has to do something wrong; it’s not a remote drive-by.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:L)
A normal user session is enough; they don’t have to be admin.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 1.8 5.9 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2025-30232

OS Trackers for CVE-2025-30232

vendor priority summary link
alpine — CVE-2025-30232: 1 source package rows (exim); 16 state rows across 3 repos (3.21-community, 3.22-community, edge-community); fixed 3, open 13. https://security.alpinelinux.org/vuln/CVE-2025-30232
debian unimportant CVE-2025-30232 unimportant priority: Debian including 1 source packages (exim4), 5 status rows across 5 suites (bookworm, bullseye, forky, sid, trixie): resolved 5. https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2025-30232
ubuntu medium CVE-2025-30232 medium priority: Ubuntu including 1 source packages (exim4), 8 status rows across 8 suites (bionic, focal, jammy, noble, oracular, trusty, upstream, xenial): not-affected 5, released 2, needs-triage 1. https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-30232

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2025-30232

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
exim exim >= 4.96, <= 4.98.1 cpe:2.3:a:exim:exim:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2025-30232

cvelogic Threat Intelligence