CVE-2025-31124 | Zitadel allows User Enumeration by loginname attribute normalization

Zitadel is open-source identity infrastructure software. ZITADEL administrators can enable a setting called "Ignoring unknown usernames" which helps mitigate attacks that try to guess/enumerate usernames. If enabled, ZITADEL will show the password prompt even if the user doesn't exist and report "Username or Password invalid". While the setting was correctly respected during the login flow, the user's username was normalized leading to a disclosure of the user's existence. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.71.6, 2.70.8, 2.69.9, 2.68.9, 2.67.13, 2.66.16, 2.65.7, 2.64.6, and 2.63.9.

Published: 2025-03-31 Last update: 2025-08-26 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Analyzed，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2025-31124 is rated Moderate Risk (48/100): CVSS Medium severity, with medium exploitation likelihood (EPSS 1.04%). Review affected assets and schedule remediation.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2025-31124

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-05-11 1.36% 1.04% -0.32%
2 2026-05-10 0.76% 1.36% +0.60%
3 2026-05-09 — 0.76% —

Full EPSS history (9 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2025-31124

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
5.3 3.1 MEDIUM
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:L)
Some sensitive info could get out, but not a total data dump.
Integrity (I:N)
Data isn’t meaningfully altered or forged.
Availability (A:N)
Service keeps running; no real outage angle.
 3.9 1.4 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2025-31124

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2025-31124

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
zitadel zitadel < 2.63.9 cpe:2.3:a:zitadel:zitadel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
zitadel zitadel >= 2.64.0, < 2.64.6 cpe:2.3:a:zitadel:zitadel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
zitadel zitadel >= 2.65.0, < 2.65.7 cpe:2.3:a:zitadel:zitadel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
zitadel zitadel >= 2.66.0, < 2.66.16 cpe:2.3:a:zitadel:zitadel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
zitadel zitadel >= 2.67.0, < 2.67.13 cpe:2.3:a:zitadel:zitadel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
zitadel zitadel >= 2.68.0, < 2.68.9 cpe:2.3:a:zitadel:zitadel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
zitadel zitadel >= 2.69.0, < 2.69.9 cpe:2.3:a:zitadel:zitadel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
zitadel zitadel >= 2.70.0, < 2.70.8 cpe:2.3:a:zitadel:zitadel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
zitadel zitadel >= 2.71.0, < 2.71.6 cpe:2.3:a:zitadel:zitadel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2025-31124

URL Tags
https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/commit/14de8ecac2afafee4975ed7ac26f3ca4a2b0f82c Patch
https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v2.63.9 Release Notes
https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v2.64.6 Release Notes
https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v2.65.7 Release Notes
https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v2.66.16 Release Notes
https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v2.67.13 Release Notes
https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v2.68.9 Release Notes
https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v2.69.9 Release Notes
https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v2.70.8 Release Notes
https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v2.71.6 Release Notes
https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/security/advisories/GHSA-67m4-8g4w-633q Vendor Advisory
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