CVE-2025-31644 | Appliance mode BIG-IP iControl REST and tmsh vulnerability

When running in Appliance mode, a command injection vulnerability exists in an undisclosed iControl REST and BIG-IP TMOS Shell (tmsh) command which may allow an authenticated attacker with administrator role privileges to execute arbitrary system commands. A successful exploit can allow the attacker to cross a security boundary.  Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated.

Published: 2025-05-07 Last update: 2026-06-17 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Analyzed，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2025-31644 is rated High Risk (70.2/100): CVSS High severity, with high exploitation likelihood (EPSS 27.98%, 98th percentile). EPSS ranks this CVE among the most likely to be exploited in the near term. EPSS rose +1.93% over the last day, indicating growing attacker interest. High exploitation likelihood—assess exposure and prioritize remediation.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2025-31644

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-07-07 26.05% 27.98% +1.93%
2 2026-06-27 24.73% 26.05% +1.33%
3 2026-06-20 — 24.73% —

Full EPSS history (13 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2025-31644

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
8.5 4.0 HIGH
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Exploitation conditions are straightforward and stable.
Attack requirements (AT:N)
No additional preconditions are required beyond normal reachability.
Privileges required (PR:H)
High privileges are required.
User interaction (UI:N)
No user interaction is required.
Vulnerable system confidentiality impact (VC:H)
High confidentiality impact on the vulnerable system.
Vulnerable system integrity impact (VI:H)
High integrity impact on the vulnerable system.
Vulnerable system availability impact (VA:N)
No availability impact on the vulnerable system.
Subsequent system confidentiality impact (SC:L)
Limited confidentiality impact on subsequent systems.
Subsequent system integrity impact (SI:L)
Limited integrity impact on subsequent systems.
Subsequent system availability impact (SA:L)
Limited availability impact on subsequent systems.
Exploit maturity (threat) (E:X)
Not defined: no reliable threat intelligence; scoring assumes the worst case (equivalent to Attacked).
Confidentiality requirement (CR:X)
Not defined: insufficient information; scoring treats this like High (worst case).
Integrity requirement (IR:X)
Not defined: insufficient information; scoring treats this like High (worst case).
Availability requirement (AR:X)
Not defined: insufficient information; scoring treats this like High (worst case).
Modified attack vector (MAV:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base Attack Vector (AV).
Modified attack complexity (MAC:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base Attack Complexity (AC).
Modified attack requirements (MAT:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base Attack Requirements (AT).
Modified privileges required (MPR:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base Privileges Required (PR).
Modified user interaction (MUI:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base User Interaction (UI).
Modified vulnerable system confidentiality impact (MVC:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base VC metric.
Modified vulnerable system integrity impact (MVI:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base VI metric.
Modified vulnerable system availability impact (MVA:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base VA metric.
Modified subsequent system confidentiality impact (MSC:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base SC metric.
Modified subsequent system integrity impact (MSI:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base SI metric.
Modified subsequent system availability impact (MSA:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base SA metric.
Safety (supplemental) (S:X)
Not evaluated.
Automatable (supplemental) (AU:X)
Not evaluated.
Recovery (supplemental) (R:X)
Not evaluated.
Value density (supplemental) (V:X)
Not evaluated.
Vulnerability response effort (supplemental) (RE:X)
Not evaluated.
Provider urgency (supplemental) (U:X)
Not evaluated.
 — — [email protected]
8.7 3.1 HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:H)
They need powerful rights—admin, root, or similar—before this pays off.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:C)
Breaking this can reach past the original component and bite other resources—bigger blast radius.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:N)
Service keeps running; no real outage angle.
 2.3 5.8 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2025-31644

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2025-31644

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
f5 big-ip_access_policy_manager >= 15.1.0, < 15.1.10.7 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_access_policy_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_advanced_firewall_manager >= 15.1.0, < 15.1.10.7 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_advanced_firewall_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_advanced_web_application_firewall >= 15.1.0, < 15.1.10.7 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_advanced_web_application_firewall:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_analytics >= 15.1.0, < 15.1.10.7 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_analytics:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_application_acceleration_manager >= 15.1.0, < 15.1.10.7 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_application_acceleration_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_application_security_manager >= 15.1.0, < 15.1.10.7 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_application_security_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_application_visibility_and_reporting >= 15.1.0, < 15.1.10.7 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_application_visibility_and_reporting:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_automation_toolchain >= 15.1.0, < 15.1.10.7 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_automation_toolchain:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_carrier-grade_nat >= 15.1.0, < 15.1.10.7 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_carrier-grade_nat:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_container_ingress_services >= 15.1.0, < 15.1.10.7 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_container_ingress_services:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_ddos_hybrid_defender >= 15.1.0, < 15.1.10.7 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_ddos_hybrid_defender:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_domain_name_system >= 15.1.0, < 15.1.10.7 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_domain_name_system:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_edge_gateway >= 15.1.0, < 15.1.10.7 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_edge_gateway:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_fraud_protection_service >= 15.1.0, < 15.1.10.7 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_fraud_protection_service:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_global_traffic_manager >= 15.1.0, < 15.1.10.7 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_global_traffic_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_link_controller >= 15.1.0, < 15.1.10.7 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_link_controller:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_local_traffic_manager >= 15.1.0, < 15.1.10.7 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_local_traffic_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_policy_enforcement_manager >= 15.1.0, < 15.1.10.7 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_policy_enforcement_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_ssl_orchestrator >= 15.1.0, < 15.1.10.7 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_ssl_orchestrator:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_webaccelerator >= 15.1.0, < 15.1.10.7 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_webaccelerator:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_websafe >= 15.1.0, < 15.1.10.7 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_websafe:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_access_policy_manager >= 16.1.0, < 16.1.6 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_access_policy_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_advanced_firewall_manager >= 16.1.0, < 16.1.6 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_advanced_firewall_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_advanced_web_application_firewall >= 16.1.0, < 16.1.6 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_advanced_web_application_firewall:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_analytics >= 16.1.0, < 16.1.6 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_analytics:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_application_acceleration_manager >= 16.1.0, < 16.1.6 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_application_acceleration_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_application_security_manager >= 16.1.0, < 16.1.6 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_application_security_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_application_visibility_and_reporting >= 16.1.0, < 16.1.6 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_application_visibility_and_reporting:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_automation_toolchain >= 16.1.0, < 16.1.6 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_automation_toolchain:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_carrier-grade_nat >= 16.1.0, < 16.1.6 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_carrier-grade_nat:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_container_ingress_services >= 16.1.0, < 16.1.6 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_container_ingress_services:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_ddos_hybrid_defender >= 16.1.0, < 16.1.6 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_ddos_hybrid_defender:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_domain_name_system >= 16.1.0, < 16.1.6 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_domain_name_system:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_edge_gateway >= 16.1.0, < 16.1.6 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_edge_gateway:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_fraud_protection_service >= 16.1.0, < 16.1.6 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_fraud_protection_service:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_global_traffic_manager >= 16.1.0, < 16.1.6 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_global_traffic_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_link_controller >= 16.1.0, < 16.1.6 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_link_controller:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_local_traffic_manager >= 16.1.0, < 16.1.6 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_local_traffic_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_policy_enforcement_manager >= 16.1.0, < 16.1.6 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_policy_enforcement_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_ssl_orchestrator >= 16.1.0, < 16.1.6 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_ssl_orchestrator:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_webaccelerator >= 16.1.0, < 16.1.6 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_webaccelerator:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_websafe >= 16.1.0, < 16.1.6 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_websafe:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_access_policy_manager >= 17.1.0, < 17.1.2.2 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_access_policy_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_advanced_firewall_manager >= 17.1.0, < 17.1.2.2 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_advanced_firewall_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_advanced_web_application_firewall >= 17.1.0, < 17.1.2.2 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_advanced_web_application_firewall:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_analytics >= 17.1.0, < 17.1.2.2 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_analytics:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_application_acceleration_manager >= 17.1.0, < 17.1.2.2 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_application_acceleration_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_application_security_manager >= 17.1.0, < 17.1.2.2 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_application_security_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_application_visibility_and_reporting >= 17.1.0, < 17.1.2.2 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_application_visibility_and_reporting:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_automation_toolchain >= 17.1.0, < 17.1.2.2 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_automation_toolchain:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_carrier-grade_nat >= 17.1.0, < 17.1.2.2 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_carrier-grade_nat:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_container_ingress_services >= 17.1.0, < 17.1.2.2 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_container_ingress_services:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_ddos_hybrid_defender >= 17.1.0, < 17.1.2.2 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_ddos_hybrid_defender:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_domain_name_system >= 17.1.0, < 17.1.2.2 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_domain_name_system:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_edge_gateway >= 17.1.0, < 17.1.2.2 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_edge_gateway:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_fraud_protection_service >= 17.1.0, < 17.1.2.2 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_fraud_protection_service:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_global_traffic_manager >= 17.1.0, < 17.1.2.2 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_global_traffic_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_link_controller >= 17.1.0, < 17.1.2.2 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_link_controller:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_local_traffic_manager >= 17.1.0, < 17.1.2.2 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_local_traffic_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_policy_enforcement_manager >= 17.1.0, < 17.1.2.2 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_policy_enforcement_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_ssl_orchestrator >= 17.1.0, < 17.1.2.2 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_ssl_orchestrator:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_webaccelerator >= 17.1.0, < 17.1.2.2 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_webaccelerator:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
f5 big-ip_websafe >= 17.1.0, < 17.1.2.2 cpe:2.3:a:f5:big-ip_websafe:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2025-31644

cvelogic Threat Intelligence