CVE-2025-32379 | XSS at ctx.redirect() function in Koajs

Koa is expressive middleware for Node.js using ES2017 async functions. In koa < 2.16.1 and < 3.0.0-alpha.5, passing untrusted user input to ctx.redirect() even after sanitizing it, may execute javascript code on the user who use the app. This issue is patched in 2.16.1 and 3.0.0-alpha.5.

Published: 2025-04-09 Last update: 2026-01-14 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Analyzed，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2025-32379 is rated Low Risk (39.2/100): CVSS Medium severity, with medium exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.31%). Monitor for updates and reassess as exploit intelligence or EPSS changes.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2025-32379

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-05-18 0.18% 0.31% +0.13%
2 2026-02-03 0.05% 0.18% +0.13%
3 2026-01-24 — 0.05% —

Full EPSS history (8 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2025-32379

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
5.0 3.1 MEDIUM
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:H)
Even with access, the exploit needs extra luck, timing, or a fussy environment to actually work.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:R)
A real person has to do something—click, install, enable—otherwise it doesn’t land.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:L)
Some sensitive info could get out, but not a total data dump.
Integrity (I:L)
Attackers could change some data, but it’s limited—not everything goes.
Availability (A:L)
Might cause slowdowns, glitches, or partial disruption—not a full brick.
 1.6 3.4 [email protected]
6.1 3.1 MEDIUM
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:R)
A real person has to do something—click, install, enable—otherwise it doesn’t land.
Scope (S:C)
Breaking this can reach past the original component and bite other resources—bigger blast radius.
Confidentiality (C:L)
Some sensitive info could get out, but not a total data dump.
Integrity (I:L)
Attackers could change some data, but it’s limited—not everything goes.
Availability (A:N)
Service keeps running; no real outage angle.
 2.8 2.7 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2025-32379

GitHub Security Advisory for CVE-2025-32379

GHSA-x2rg-q646-7m2v · Severity: medium · Ecosystem: npm — Koajs vulnerable to Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) at ctx.redirect() function

OS Trackers for CVE-2025-32379

vendor priority summary link
redhat medium — https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-32379

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2025-32379

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
koajs koa < 2.16.1 cpe:2.3:a:koajs:koa:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
koajs koa 3.0.0 cpe:2.3:a:koajs:koa:3.0.0:alpha0:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
koajs koa 3.0.0 cpe:2.3:a:koajs:koa:3.0.0:alpha1:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
koajs koa 3.0.0 cpe:2.3:a:koajs:koa:3.0.0:alpha2:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
koajs koa 3.0.0 cpe:2.3:a:koajs:koa:3.0.0:alpha3:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
koajs koa 3.0.0 cpe:2.3:a:koajs:koa:3.0.0:alpha4:*:*:*:node.js:*:*

References for CVE-2025-32379

cvelogic Threat Intelligence