CVE-2025-32433 | Erlang/OTP SSH Vulnerable to Pre-Authentication RCE

Exp

Erlang/OTP is a set of libraries for the Erlang programming language. Prior to versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20, a SSH server may allow an attacker to perform unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE). By exploiting a flaw in SSH protocol message handling, a malicious actor could gain unauthorized access to affected systems and execute arbitrary commands without valid credentials. This issue is patched in versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20. A temporary workaround involves disabling the SSH server or to prevent access via firewall rules.

Published: 2025-04-16 Last update: 2025-11-04 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Analyzed，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2025-32433 is rated Critical Active Threat (99.2/100): CVSS Critical severity, with high exploitation likelihood (EPSS 62.61%, 98th percentile). CISA KEV confirms active exploitation (added 2025-06-09) affecting Erlang / Erlang/OTP. a weakness (CWE-306) Unauthenticated remote administrative access may be possible. The CISA remediation deadline has passed—treat as an emergency patch priority.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

CISA KEV Record for CVE-2025-32433

Name: Erlang Erlang/OTP SSH Server Missing Authentication for Critical Function Vulnerability · CISA KEV detail

Exploit added: 2025-06-09

Action due: 2025-06-30

Required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

Public exploit references (Exploit-DB) for CVE-2025-32433

EDB-ID Source Kind Published Link
— nvd_ref exploit_tag Exploit-DB ↗

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2025-32433

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-06-05 62.85% 62.61% -0.24%
2 2026-06-04 59.97% 62.85% +2.87%
3 2026-06-03 — 59.97% —

Full EPSS history (86 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2025-32433

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
10.0 3.1 CRITICAL
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:C)
Breaking this can reach past the original component and bite other resources—bigger blast radius.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 3.9 6.0 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2025-32433

OS Trackers for CVE-2025-32433

vendor priority summary link
alpine critical CVE-2025-32433: 1 source package rows (erlang); 1 state rows across 1 repos (3.21-community); fixed 1, open 0. https://security.alpinelinux.org/vuln/CVE-2025-32433
debian not yet assigned CVE-2025-32433 not yet assigned priority: Debian including 1 source packages (erlang), 5 status rows across 5 suites (bookworm, bullseye, forky, sid, trixie): resolved 5. https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2025-32433
suse critical CVE-2025-32433 severity critical: SUSE including 46 source package names (erlang, erlang-22.2.7-150200.3.13.1, …), 92 product×package rows across 23 product lines (SUSE Enterprise Storage 7.1, SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP3-LTSS, … (23 product lines)): Fixed 82, Known Not Affected 10. https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-32433/
ubuntu high CVE-2025-32433 high priority: Ubuntu including 1 source packages (erlang), 9 status rows across 9 suites (bionic, focal, jammy, noble, oracular, plucky, trusty, upstream, xenial): released 8, not-affected 1. https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-32433

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2025-32433

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
erlang erlang\/otp < 25.3.2.20 cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
erlang erlang\/otp >= 26.0, < 26.2.5.11 cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
erlang erlang\/otp >= 27.0, < 27.3.3 cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco confd_basic < 7.7.19.1 cpe:2.3:a:cisco:confd_basic:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco confd_basic >= 8.0.18, < 8.1.16.2 cpe:2.3:a:cisco:confd_basic:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco confd_basic >= 8.2, < 8.2.11.1 cpe:2.3:a:cisco:confd_basic:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco confd_basic >= 8.3, < 8.3.8.1 cpe:2.3:a:cisco:confd_basic:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco confd_basic >= 8.4, < 8.4.4.1 cpe:2.3:a:cisco:confd_basic:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco network_services_orchestrator < 5.7.19.1 cpe:2.3:a:cisco:network_services_orchestrator:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco network_services_orchestrator >= 5.8, < 6.1.16.2 cpe:2.3:a:cisco:network_services_orchestrator:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco network_services_orchestrator >= 6.2, < 6.2.11.1 cpe:2.3:a:cisco:network_services_orchestrator:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco network_services_orchestrator >= 6.3, < 6.3.8.1 cpe:2.3:a:cisco:network_services_orchestrator:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco network_services_orchestrator >= 6.4, < 6.4.1.1 cpe:2.3:a:cisco:network_services_orchestrator:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco network_services_orchestrator >= 6.4.2, < 6.4.4.1 cpe:2.3:a:cisco:network_services_orchestrator:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco cloud_native_broadband_network_gateway < 2025.03.1 cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cloud_native_broadband_network_gateway:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco inode_manager — cpe:2.3:a:cisco:inode_manager:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco smart_phy < 25.2 cpe:2.3:a:cisco:smart_phy:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco ultra_packet_core < 2025.03 cpe:2.3:a:cisco:ultra_packet_core:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco ultra_services_platform — cpe:2.3:a:cisco:ultra_services_platform:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco staros < 2025.03 cpe:2.3:o:cisco:staros:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco optical_site_manager < 25.2.1 cpe:2.3:a:cisco:optical_site_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco ncs_2000_shelf_virtualization_orchestrator_firmware < 25.1.1 cpe:2.3:o:cisco:ncs_2000_shelf_virtualization_orchestrator_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco enterprise_nfv_infrastructure_software < 4.18 cpe:2.3:a:cisco:enterprise_nfv_infrastructure_software:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco ultra_cloud_core < 2025.03.1 cpe:2.3:a:cisco:ultra_cloud_core:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco rv160w_firmware — cpe:2.3:o:cisco:rv160w_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco rv260_firmware — cpe:2.3:o:cisco:rv260_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco rv160_firmware — cpe:2.3:o:cisco:rv160_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco rv260p_firmware — cpe:2.3:o:cisco:rv260p_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco rv260w_firmware — cpe:2.3:o:cisco:rv260w_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco rv340_firmware — cpe:2.3:o:cisco:rv340_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco rv340w_firmware — cpe:2.3:o:cisco:rv340w_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco rv345_firmware — cpe:2.3:o:cisco:rv345_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco rv345p_firmware — cpe:2.3:o:cisco:rv345p_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
debian debian_linux 11.0 cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2025-32433

URL Tags
https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/0fcd9c56524b28615e8ece65fc0c3f66ef6e4c12 Patch
https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/6eef04130afc8b0ccb63c9a0d8650209cf54892f Patch
https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/b1924d37fd83c070055beb115d5d6a6a9490b891 Patch
https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-37cp-fgq5-7wc2 Vendor Advisory
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/16/2 Mailing List
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/18/1 Mailing List
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/18/2 Mailing List
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/18/6 Mailing List
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/19/1 Mailing List
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/04/msg00028.html Third Party Advisory
https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250425-0001/ Third Party Advisory
https://github.com/ProDefense/CVE-2025-32433/blob/main/CVE-2025-32433.py Exploit
https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-erlang-otp-ssh-xyZZy Third Party Advisory
https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-32433 US Government Resource
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