CVE-2025-37731 | Elasticsearch Improper Authentication

Improper Authentication in Elasticsearch PKI realm can lead to user impersonation via specially crafted client certificates. A malicious actor would need to have such a crafted client certificate signed by a legitimate, trusted Certificate Authority.

Published: 2025-12-15 Last update: 2025-12-18 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Analyzed，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2025-37731 is rated Low Risk (31/100): CVSS Medium severity, with low exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.04%). Monitor for updates and reassess as exploit intelligence or EPSS changes.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2025-37731

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-05-13 0.06% 0.04% -0.02%
2 2026-04-16 0.05% 0.06% +0.01%
3 2025-12-20 — 0.05% —

Full EPSS history (5 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2025-37731

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
6.8 3.1 MEDIUM
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:H)
Even with access, the exploit needs extra luck, timing, or a fussy environment to actually work.
Privileges required (PR:L)
A normal user session is enough; they don’t have to be admin.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:N)
Service keeps running; no real outage angle.
 1.6 5.2 [email protected]
7.4 3.1 HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:H)
Even with access, the exploit needs extra luck, timing, or a fussy environment to actually work.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:N)
Service keeps running; no real outage angle.
 2.2 5.2 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2025-37731

GitHub Security Advisory for CVE-2025-37731

GHSA-m9gh-789g-q5pv · Severity: medium · Ecosystem: maven — Elasticsearch PKI Realm Authentication Bypass Vulnerability Allows User Impersonation Through Crafted Client Certificates

OS Trackers for CVE-2025-37731

vendor priority summary link
redhat medium — https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-37731
ubuntu medium CVE-2025-37731 medium priority: Ubuntu including 1 source packages (elasticsearch), 6 status rows across 6 suites (jammy, noble, plucky, questing, upstream, xenial): DNE 4, needs-triage 2. https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-37731

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2025-37731

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
elastic elasticsearch >= 7.0.0, <= 7.17.29 cpe:2.3:a:elastic:elasticsearch:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
elastic elasticsearch >= 8.0.0, < 8.19.8 cpe:2.3:a:elastic:elasticsearch:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
elastic elasticsearch >= 9.0.0, < 9.1.8 cpe:2.3:a:elastic:elasticsearch:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
elastic elasticsearch >= 9.2.0, < 9.2.2 cpe:2.3:a:elastic:elasticsearch:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2025-37731

cvelogic Threat Intelligence