CVE-2025-39894 | netfilter: br_netfilter: do not check confirmed bit in br_nf_local_in() after confirm

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: br_netfilter: do not check confirmed bit in br_nf_local_in() after confirm When send a broadcast packet to a tap device, which was added to a bridge, br_nf_local_in() is called to confirm the conntrack. If another conntrack with the same hash value is added to the hash table, which can be triggered by a normal packet to a non-bridge device, the below warning may happen. ------------[ cut here ]------------ WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 96 at net/bridge/br_netfilter_hooks.c:632 br_nf_local_in+0x168/0x200 CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 96 Comm: tap_send Not tainted 6.17.0-rc2-dirty #44 PREEMPT(voluntary) RIP: 0010:br_nf_local_in+0x168/0x200 Call Trace: <TASK> nf_hook_slow+0x3e/0xf0 br_pass_frame_up+0x103/0x180 br_handle_frame_finish+0x2de/0x5b0 br_nf_hook_thresh+0xc0/0x120 br_nf_pre_routing_finish+0x168/0x3a0 br_nf_pre_routing+0x237/0x5e0 br_handle_frame+0x1ec/0x3c0 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x225/0x1210 __netif_receive_skb_one_core+0x37/0xa0 netif_receive_skb+0x36/0x160 tun_get_user+0xa54/0x10c0 tun_chr_write_iter+0x65/0xb0 vfs_write+0x305/0x410 ksys_write+0x60/0xd0 do_syscall_64+0xa4/0x260 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f </TASK> ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]--- To solve the hash conflict, nf_ct_resolve_clash() try to merge the conntracks, and update skb->_nfct. However, br_nf_local_in() still use the old ct from local variable 'nfct' after confirm(), which leads to this warning. If confirm() does not insert the conntrack entry and return NF_DROP, the warning may also occur. There is no need to reserve the WARN_ON_ONCE, just remove it.

Published: 2025-10-01 Last update: 2026-01-16 Assigner: 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67 Source: 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67

Conclusion & alert: CVE-2025-39894 is rated Low Risk (23.9/100): CVSS Medium severity, with low exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.02%). Mandatory action: Monitor for updates and reassess as exploit intelligence or EPSS changes.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2025-39894

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2025-10-01 0.02%

Full EPSS history (1 record total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2025-39894

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
5.5 3.1 MEDIUM
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:L)
They already need access on the box, or another person has to do something wrong; it’s not a remote drive-by.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:L)
A normal user session is enough; they don’t have to be admin.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:N)
Doesn’t really leak secrets in a meaningful way.
Integrity (I:N)
Data isn’t meaningfully altered or forged.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
1.8 3.6 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2025-39894

OS Trackers for CVE-2025-39894

vendor priority summary link
debian unimportant CVE-2025-39894 unimportant priority: Debian including 2 source packages (linux, linux-6.1), 6 status rows across 5 suites (bookworm, bullseye, forky, sid, trixie): resolved 6. https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2025-39894
redhat medium https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-39894
suse medium CVE-2025-39894 severity moderate: SUSE including 26 source package names (cluster-md-kmp-default, dlm-kmp-default, …), 276 product×package rows across 54 product lines (SLES-LTSS-TERADATA 15 SP2, SUSE Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension 15 SP7, … (54 product lines)): Known Not Affected 188, Will Not Fix 88. https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-39894/
ubuntu medium CVE-2025-39894 medium priority: Ubuntu including 158 source packages (linux, linux-allwinner-5.19, …), 1414 status rows across 9 suites (bionic, focal, jammy, noble, plucky, questing, trusty, upstream, xenial): DNE 1017, ignored 176, released 149, not-affected 62, needed 6, needs-triage 2, pending 2. https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-39894

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2025-39894

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
linux linux_kernel >= 5.15.151, < 5.15.192 cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
linux linux_kernel >= 6.1.81, < 6.1.151 cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
linux linux_kernel >= 6.6.21, < 6.6.105 cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
linux linux_kernel >= 6.7.9, < 6.8 cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
linux linux_kernel >= 6.8.1, < 6.12.46 cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
linux linux_kernel >= 6.13, < 6.16.6 cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
linux linux_kernel 6.8 cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.8:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
linux linux_kernel 6.8 cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.8:rc7:*:*:*:*:*:*
linux linux_kernel 6.17 cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.17:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
linux linux_kernel 6.17 cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.17:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
linux linux_kernel 6.17 cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.17:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*
linux linux_kernel 6.17 cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.17:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*
debian debian_linux 11.0 cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2025-39894

cvelogic Threat Intelligence