CVE-2025-43920

Exp

GNU Mailman 2.1.39, as bundled in cPanel (and WHM), in certain external archiver configurations, allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands via shell metacharacters in an email Subject line. NOTE: multiple third parties report that they are unable to reproduce this, regardless of whether cPanel or WHM is used.

Published: 2025-04-20 Last update: 2025-04-28 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Modified，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2025-43920 is rated Exploit Available (56.8/100): CVSS Medium severity, with medium exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.39%). 1 public exploit reference(s) are indexed (Exploit-DB). Public exploits are available—assess exposure, apply mitigations, and prioritize patching.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Public exploit references (Exploit-DB) for CVE-2025-43920

EDB-ID Source Kind Published Link
— nvd_ref exploit_tag Exploit-DB ↗

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2025-43920

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-05-29 1.37% 0.39% -0.98%
2 2026-02-14 0.88% 1.37% +0.49%
3 2026-02-04 — 0.88% —

Full EPSS history (15 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2025-43920

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
5.4 3.1 MEDIUM
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:H)
Even with access, the exploit needs extra luck, timing, or a fussy environment to actually work.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:C)
Breaking this can reach past the original component and bite other resources—bigger blast radius.
Confidentiality (C:L)
Some sensitive info could get out, but not a total data dump.
Integrity (I:L)
Attackers could change some data, but it’s limited—not everything goes.
Availability (A:N)
Service keeps running; no real outage angle.
 2.2 2.7 [email protected]
8.1 3.1 HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:H)
Even with access, the exploit needs extra luck, timing, or a fussy environment to actually work.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 2.2 5.9 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2025-43920

OS Trackers for CVE-2025-43920

vendor priority summary link
suse medium CVE-2025-43920 severity moderate: SUSE including 1 source package names (mailman), 6 product×package rows across 6 product lines (SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP4 LTSS, SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP2-LTSS, … (6 product lines)): Known Not Affected 6. https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-43920/
ubuntu medium CVE-2025-43920 medium priority: Ubuntu including 1 source packages (mailman), 9 status rows across 9 suites (bionic, focal, jammy, noble, oracular, plucky, questing, upstream, xenial): DNE 5, not-affected 3, released 1. https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-43920

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2025-43920

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
gnu mailman >= 2.1.1, <= 2.1.39 cpe:2.3:a:gnu:mailman:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2025-43920

cvelogic Threat Intelligence