CVE-2025-45931

Exp

An issue D-Link DIR-816-A2 DIR-816A2_FWv1.10CNB05_R1B011D88210 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via system() function in the bin/goahead file

Published: 2025-06-30 Last update: 2025-07-08 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Analyzed，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2025-45931 is rated High Exploit Risk (88.4/100): CVSS Critical severity, with medium exploitation likelihood (EPSS 4.71%). 1 public exploit reference(s) are indexed (Exploit-DB). EPSS rose +2.90% over the last day, indicating growing attacker interest. Public exploits are available—assess exposure, apply mitigations, and prioritize patching.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Public exploit references (Exploit-DB) for CVE-2025-45931

EDB-ID Source Kind Published Link
— nvd_ref exploit_tag Exploit-DB ↗

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2025-45931

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-04-26 1.81% 4.71% +2.90%
2 2026-03-16 1.50% 1.81% +0.32%
3 2026-03-05 — 1.50% —

Full EPSS history (12 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2025-45931

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
9.8 3.1 CRITICAL
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 3.9 5.9 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2025-45931

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2025-45931

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
dlink dir-816_firmware 1.10cnb05_r1b011d88210 cpe:2.3:o:dlink:dir-816_firmware:1.10cnb05_r1b011d88210:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2025-45931

cvelogic Threat Intelligence