CVE-2025-4656 | Vault Vulnerable to Recovery Key Cancellation Denial of Service

Vault Community and Vault Enterprise rekey and recovery key operations can lead to a denial of service due to uncontrolled cancellation by a Vault operator. This vulnerability (CVE-2025-4656) has been remediated in Vault Community Edition 1.20.0 and Vault Enterprise 1.20.0, 1.19.6, 1.18.11, 1.17.17, and 1.16.22.

Published: 2025-06-25 Last update: 2025-08-13 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Analyzed，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2025-4656 is rated Low Risk (22.3/100): CVSS Low severity, with low exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.10%). Monitor for updates and reassess as exploit intelligence or EPSS changes.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2025-4656

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-04-21 0.01% 0.10% +0.09%
2 2025-11-21 0.08% 0.01% -0.07%
3 2025-11-18 — 0.08% —

Full EPSS history (4 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2025-4656

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
3.1 3.1 LOW
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:H)
Even with access, the exploit needs extra luck, timing, or a fussy environment to actually work.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:R)
A real person has to do something—click, install, enable—otherwise it doesn’t land.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:N)
Doesn’t really leak secrets in a meaningful way.
Integrity (I:N)
Data isn’t meaningfully altered or forged.
Availability (A:L)
Might cause slowdowns, glitches, or partial disruption—not a full brick.
 1.6 1.4 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2025-4656

GitHub Security Advisory for CVE-2025-4656

GHSA-fhc2-8qx8-6vj7 · Severity: low · Ecosystem: go — Vault Community Edition rekey and recovery key operations can cause denial of service

OS Trackers for CVE-2025-4656

vendor priority summary link
redhat low — https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-4656

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2025-4656

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
hashicorp vault >= 1.14.8, < 1.16.22 cpe:2.3:a:hashicorp:vault:*:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*
hashicorp vault >= 1.14.8, < 1.20.0 cpe:2.3:a:hashicorp:vault:*:*:*:*:-:*:*:*
hashicorp vault >= 1.17.0, < 1.17.17 cpe:2.3:a:hashicorp:vault:*:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*
hashicorp vault >= 1.18.0, < 1.18.11 cpe:2.3:a:hashicorp:vault:*:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*
hashicorp vault >= 1.19.0, < 1.19.6 cpe:2.3:a:hashicorp:vault:*:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*

References for CVE-2025-4656

cvelogic Threat Intelligence