CVE-2025-49005 | Next.js cache poisoning due to omission of Vary header

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Next.js is a React framework for building full-stack web applications. In Next.js App Router from 15.3.0 to before 15.3.3 and Vercel CLI from 41.4.1 to 42.2.0, a cache poisoning vulnerability was found. The issue allowed page requests for HTML content to return a React Server Component (RSC) payload instead under certain conditions. When deployed to Vercel, this would only impact the browser cache, and would not lead to the CDN being poisoned. When self-hosted and deployed externally, this could lead to cache poisoning if the CDN does not properly distinguish between RSC / HTML in the cache keys. This issue has been resolved in Next.js 15.3.3.

Published: 2025-07-03 Last update: 2025-09-10 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Analyzed，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2025-49005 is rated Exploit Available (52.1/100): CVSS Low severity, with medium exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.43%). 1 public exploit reference(s) are indexed (Exploit-DB). Public exploits are available—assess exposure, apply mitigations, and prioritize patching.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Public exploit references (Exploit-DB) for CVE-2025-49005

EDB-ID Source Kind Published Link
— nvd_ref exploit_tag Exploit-DB ↗

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2025-49005

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-04-29 0.17% 0.43% +0.26%
2 2026-03-29 0.06% 0.17% +0.11%
3 2025-12-11 — 0.06% —

Full EPSS history (6 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2025-49005

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
3.7 3.1 LOW
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:H)
Even with access, the exploit needs extra luck, timing, or a fussy environment to actually work.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:N)
Doesn’t really leak secrets in a meaningful way.
Integrity (I:L)
Attackers could change some data, but it’s limited—not everything goes.
Availability (A:N)
Service keeps running; no real outage angle.
 2.2 1.4 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2025-49005

GitHub Security Advisory for CVE-2025-49005

GHSA-r2fc-ccr8-96c4 · Severity: low · Ecosystem: npm — Next.js has a Cache poisoning vulnerability due to omission of the Vary header

OS Trackers for CVE-2025-49005

vendor priority summary link
redhat low — https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-49005

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2025-49005

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
vercel next.js >= 15.3.0, < 15.3.3 cpe:2.3:a:vercel:next.js:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
vercel vercel >= 41.4.1, < 42.2.0 cpe:2.3:a:vercel:vercel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2025-49005

cvelogic Threat Intelligence