CVE-2025-54381 | BentoML is Vulnerable to an SSRF Attack Through File Upload Processing

Exp

BentoML is a Python library for building online serving systems optimized for AI apps and model inference. In versions 1.4.0 until 1.4.19, the file upload processing system contains an SSRF vulnerability that allows unauthenticated remote attackers to force the server to make arbitrary HTTP requests. The vulnerability stems from the multipart form data and JSON request handlers, which automatically download files from user-provided URLs without validating whether those URLs point to internal network addresses, cloud metadata endpoints, or other restricted resources. The documentation explicitly promotes this URL-based file upload feature, making it an intended design that exposes all deployed services to SSRF attacks by default. Version 1.4.19 contains a patch for the issue.

Published: 2025-07-29 Last update: 2026-06-17 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Analyzed，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2025-54381 is rated High Exploit Risk (88.8/100): CVSS Critical severity, with high exploitation likelihood (EPSS 11.88%, 96th percentile). 1 public exploit reference(s) are indexed (Exploit-DB). Public exploits are available—assess exposure, apply mitigations, and prioritize patching.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Public exploit references (Exploit-DB) for CVE-2025-54381

EDB-ID Source Kind Published Link
— nvd_ref exploit_tag Exploit-DB ↗

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2025-54381

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-06-29 11.11% 11.88% +0.77%
2 2026-06-15 1.31% 11.11% +9.81%
3 2026-05-25 — 1.31% —

Full EPSS history (11 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2025-54381

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
9.9 3.1 CRITICAL
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:L Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:C)
Breaking this can reach past the original component and bite other resources—bigger blast radius.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:L)
Attackers could change some data, but it’s limited—not everything goes.
Availability (A:L)
Might cause slowdowns, glitches, or partial disruption—not a full brick.
 3.9 5.3 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2025-54381

GitHub Security Advisory for CVE-2025-54381

GHSA-mrmq-3q62-6cc8 · Severity: critical · Ecosystem: pip — BentoML SSRF Vulnerability in File Upload Processing

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2025-54381

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
bentoml bentoml >= 1.4.0, < 1.4.19 cpe:2.3:a:bentoml:bentoml:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2025-54381

cvelogic Threat Intelligence