CVE-2025-54656 | Apache Struts Extras: Improper Output Neutralization for Logs

** UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED ** Improper Output Neutralization for Logs vulnerability in Apache Struts. This issue affects Apache Struts Extras: before 2. When using LookupDispatchAction, in some cases, Struts may print untrusted input to the logs without any filtering. Specially-crafted input may lead to log output where part of the message masquerades as a separate log line, confusing consumers of the logs (either human or automated).  As this project is retired, we do not plan to release a version that fixes this issue. Users are recommended to find an alternative or restrict access to the instance to trusted users. NOTE: This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.

Published: 2025-07-30 Last update: 2025-11-04 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Modified，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2025-54656 is rated Moderate Risk (54.6/100): CVSS Medium severity, with medium exploitation likelihood (EPSS 1.18%). Review affected assets and schedule remediation.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2025-54656

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-05-26 0.27% 1.18% +0.91%
2 2026-04-04 0.25% 0.27% +0.02%
3 2026-03-12 — 0.25% —

Full EPSS history (9 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2025-54656

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
6.5 3.1 MEDIUM
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:L)
Some sensitive info could get out, but not a total data dump.
Integrity (I:L)
Attackers could change some data, but it’s limited—not everything goes.
Availability (A:N)
Service keeps running; no real outage angle.
 3.9 2.5 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2025-54656

GitHub Security Advisory for CVE-2025-54656

GHSA-cx25-xg7c-xfm5 · Severity: medium · Ecosystem: maven — Apache Struts Extras Before 2 has an Improper Output Neutralization for Logs Vulnerability

OS Trackers for CVE-2025-54656

vendor priority summary link
suse medium CVE-2025-54656 severity moderate: SUSE including 1 source package names (struts), 1 product×package rows across 1 product lines (SUSE Manager Server LTS 4.3): Known Not Affected 1. https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-54656/

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2025-54656

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
apache struts_extras < 2.0 cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts_extras:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2025-54656

cvelogic Threat Intelligence