CVE-2025-54771 | Grub2: use-after-free in grub_file_close()

A use-after-free vulnerability has been identified in the GNU GRUB (Grand Unified Bootloader). The flaw occurs because the file-closing process incorrectly retains a memory pointer, leaving an invalid reference to a file system structure. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to cause grub to crash, leading to a Denial of Service. Possible data integrity or confidentiality compromise is not discarded.

Published: 2025-11-18 Last update: 2026-06-25 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Deferred，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2025-54771 is rated Low Risk (20.6/100): CVSS Medium severity, with low exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.12%). Monitor for updates and reassess as exploit intelligence or EPSS changes.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2025-54771

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-06-15 0.01% 0.12% +0.11%
2 2025-11-19 — 0.01% —

Full EPSS history (2 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2025-54771

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
4.9 3.1 MEDIUM
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:L)
They already need access on the box, or another person has to do something wrong; it’s not a remote drive-by.
Attack complexity (AC:H)
Even with access, the exploit needs extra luck, timing, or a fussy environment to actually work.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:L)
Some sensitive info could get out, but not a total data dump.
Integrity (I:L)
Attackers could change some data, but it’s limited—not everything goes.
Availability (A:L)
Might cause slowdowns, glitches, or partial disruption—not a full brick.
 1.4 3.4 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2025-54771

GitHub Security Advisory for CVE-2025-54771

GHSA-5rr4-3f6q-m7hp · Severity: medium — A use-after-free vulnerability has been identified in the GNU GRUB (Grand Unified Bootloader)....

OS Trackers for CVE-2025-54771

vendor priority summary link
debian not yet assigned CVE-2025-54771 not yet assigned priority: Debian including 1 source packages (grub2), 5 status rows across 5 suites (bookworm, bullseye, forky, sid, trixie): open 3, resolved 2. https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2025-54771
redhat medium — https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-54771
suse medium — https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-54771/
ubuntu medium CVE-2025-54771 medium priority: Ubuntu including 3 source packages (grub2, grub2-signed, grub2-unsigned), 26 status rows across 9 suites (bionic, focal, jammy, noble, plucky, questing, trusty, upstream, xenial): needs-triage 15, not-affected 7, ignored 4. https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-54771

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2025-54771

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
No affected products in dataset.

References for CVE-2025-54771

cvelogic Threat Intelligence