CVE-2025-54989 | Firebird XDR Message Parsing NULL Pointer Dereference Denial-of-Service Vulnerability

Firebird is a relational database. Prior to versions 3.0.13, 4.0.6, and 5.0.3, there is an XDR message parsing NULL pointer dereference denial-of-service vulnerability in Firebird. This specific flaw exists within the parsing of xdr message from client. It leads to NULL pointer dereference and DoS. This issue has been patched in versions 3.0.13, 4.0.6, and 5.0.3.

Published: 2025-08-15 Last update: 2025-11-03 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Modified，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2025-54989 is rated Low Risk (38.6/100): CVSS Medium severity, with low exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.26%). Monitor for updates and reassess as exploit intelligence or EPSS changes.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2025-54989

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-05-01 0.17% 0.26% +0.10%
2 2026-03-02 0.07% 0.17% +0.10%
3 2025-08-21 — 0.07% —

Full EPSS history (4 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2025-54989

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
5.3 3.1 MEDIUM
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:N)
Doesn’t really leak secrets in a meaningful way.
Integrity (I:N)
Data isn’t meaningfully altered or forged.
Availability (A:L)
Might cause slowdowns, glitches, or partial disruption—not a full brick.
 3.9 1.4 [email protected]
7.5 3.1 HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:N)
Doesn’t really leak secrets in a meaningful way.
Integrity (I:N)
Data isn’t meaningfully altered or forged.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 3.9 3.6 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2025-54989

OS Trackers for CVE-2025-54989

vendor priority summary link
debian not yet assigned CVE-2025-54989 not yet assigned priority: Debian including 2 source packages (firebird3.0, firebird4.0), 8 status rows across 5 suites (bookworm, bullseye, forky, sid, trixie): resolved 8. https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2025-54989
suse high — https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-54989/
ubuntu medium CVE-2025-54989 medium priority: Ubuntu including 2 source packages (firebird3.0, firebird4.0), 12 status rows across 7 suites (bionic, focal, jammy, noble, plucky, questing, upstream): needs-triage 6, DNE 2, ignored 2, released 2. https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-54989

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2025-54989

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
firebirdsql firebird < 3.0.13 cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
firebirdsql firebird >= 4.0.0, < 4.0.6 cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
firebirdsql firebird >= 5.0.0, < 5.0.3 cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2025-54989

cvelogic Threat Intelligence