CVE-2025-6015 | Vault Login MFA Bypass of Rate Limiting and TOTP Code Reuse

Vault and Vault Enterprise’s (“Vault”) login MFA rate limits could be bypassed and TOTP tokens could be reused. Fixed in Vault Community Edition 1.20.1 and Vault Enterprise 1.20.1, 1.19.7, 1.18.12, and 1.16.23.

Published: 2025-08-01 Last update: 2025-08-13 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Analyzed，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2025-6015 is rated Low Risk (31.8/100): CVSS Medium severity, with low exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.09%). Monitor for updates and reassess as exploit intelligence or EPSS changes.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2025-6015

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-05-28 0.02% 0.09% +0.07%
2 2025-11-21 0.05% 0.02% -0.03%
3 2025-11-18 — 0.05% —

Full EPSS history (4 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2025-6015

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
5.7 3.1 MEDIUM
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:L)
A normal user session is enough; they don’t have to be admin.
User interaction (UI:R)
A real person has to do something—click, install, enable—otherwise it doesn’t land.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:N)
Data isn’t meaningfully altered or forged.
Availability (A:N)
Service keeps running; no real outage angle.
 2.1 3.6 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2025-6015

GitHub Security Advisory for CVE-2025-6015

GHSA-v6r4-35f9-9rpw · Severity: medium · Ecosystem: go — Hashicorp Vault has Login MFA Rate Limit Bypass Vulnerability

OS Trackers for CVE-2025-6015

vendor priority summary link
alpine — CVE-2025-6015: 1 source package rows (vault); 3 state rows across 1 repos (edge-community); fixed 0, open 3. https://security.alpinelinux.org/vuln/CVE-2025-6015
redhat medium — https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-6015

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2025-6015

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
hashicorp vault >= 1.10.0, < 1.16.23 cpe:2.3:a:hashicorp:vault:*:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*
hashicorp vault >= 1.10.0, < 1.20.1 cpe:2.3:a:hashicorp:vault:*:*:*:*:-:*:*:*
hashicorp vault >= 1.17.0, < 1.18.12 cpe:2.3:a:hashicorp:vault:*:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*
hashicorp vault >= 1.19.0, < 1.19.7 cpe:2.3:a:hashicorp:vault:*:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*
hashicorp vault 1.20.0 cpe:2.3:a:hashicorp:vault:1.20.0:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*

References for CVE-2025-6015

cvelogic Threat Intelligence