CVE-2025-61594 | URI Credential Leakage Bypass over CVE-2025-27221

URI is a module providing classes to handle Uniform Resource Identifiers. In versions 0.12.4 and earlier (bundled in Ruby 3.2 series) 0.13.2 and earlier (bundled in Ruby 3.3 series), 1.0.3 and earlier (bundled in Ruby 3.4 series), when using the + operator to combine URIs, sensitive information like passwords from the original URI can be leaked, violating RFC3986 and making applications vulnerable to credential exposure. This is a a bypass for the fix to CVE-2025-27221 that can expose user credentials. This issue has been fixed in versions 0.12.5, 0.13.3 and 1.0.4.

Published: 2025-12-30 Last update: 2026-04-16 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Modified，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2025-61594 is rated Low Risk (10/100): CVSS Low severity, with low exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.02%). Low composite risk—no urgent action required; patch on your normal maintenance cycle and revisit priority if CVSS or EPSS increases.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2025-61594

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-02-03 0.06% 0.02% -0.03%
2 2026-01-04 0.04% 0.06% +0.01%
3 2025-12-31 — 0.04% —

Full EPSS history (3 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2025-61594

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
2.1 4.0 LOW
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:L)
Attacker needs local access on the target system.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Exploitation conditions are straightforward and stable.
Attack requirements (AT:P)
Additional preconditions must be present for exploitation.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No privileges are required.
User interaction (UI:N)
No user interaction is required.
Vulnerable system confidentiality impact (VC:N)
No confidentiality impact on the vulnerable system.
Vulnerable system integrity impact (VI:N)
No integrity impact on the vulnerable system.
Vulnerable system availability impact (VA:N)
No availability impact on the vulnerable system.
Subsequent system confidentiality impact (SC:L)
Limited confidentiality impact on subsequent systems.
Subsequent system integrity impact (SI:N)
No integrity impact on subsequent systems.
Subsequent system availability impact (SA:N)
No availability impact on subsequent systems.
Exploit maturity (threat) (E:X)
Not defined: no reliable threat intelligence; scoring assumes the worst case (equivalent to Attacked).
Confidentiality requirement (CR:X)
Not defined: insufficient information; scoring treats this like High (worst case).
Integrity requirement (IR:X)
Not defined: insufficient information; scoring treats this like High (worst case).
Availability requirement (AR:X)
Not defined: insufficient information; scoring treats this like High (worst case).
Modified attack vector (MAV:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base Attack Vector (AV).
Modified attack complexity (MAC:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base Attack Complexity (AC).
Modified attack requirements (MAT:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base Attack Requirements (AT).
Modified privileges required (MPR:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base Privileges Required (PR).
Modified user interaction (MUI:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base User Interaction (UI).
Modified vulnerable system confidentiality impact (MVC:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base VC metric.
Modified vulnerable system integrity impact (MVI:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base VI metric.
Modified vulnerable system availability impact (MVA:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base VA metric.
Modified subsequent system confidentiality impact (MSC:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base SC metric.
Modified subsequent system integrity impact (MSI:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base SI metric.
Modified subsequent system availability impact (MSA:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base SA metric.
Safety (supplemental) (S:X)
Not evaluated.
Automatable (supplemental) (AU:X)
Not evaluated.
Recovery (supplemental) (R:X)
Not evaluated.
Value density (supplemental) (V:X)
Not evaluated.
Vulnerability response effort (supplemental) (RE:X)
Not evaluated.
Provider urgency (supplemental) (U:X)
Not evaluated.
 — — [email protected]
7.5 3.1 HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:N)
Data isn’t meaningfully altered or forged.
Availability (A:N)
Service keeps running; no real outage angle.
 3.9 3.6 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2025-61594

GitHub Security Advisory for CVE-2025-61594

GHSA-j4pr-3wm6-xx2r · Severity: low · Ecosystem: rubygems — URI Credential Leakage Bypass over CVE-2025-27221

OS Trackers for CVE-2025-61594

vendor priority summary link
alpine — CVE-2025-61594: 1 source package rows (ruby); 4 state rows across 4 repos (3.20-main, 3.21-main, 3.23-main, edge-main); fixed 4, open 0. https://security.alpinelinux.org/vuln/CVE-2025-61594
debian not yet assigned CVE-2025-61594 not yet assigned priority: Debian including 4 source packages (ruby2.7, ruby3.1, ruby3.3, rubygems), 10 status rows across 5 suites (bookworm, bullseye, forky, sid, trixie): open 10. https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2025-61594
redhat medium — https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-61594
ubuntu low CVE-2025-61594 low priority: Ubuntu including 7 source packages (jruby, ruby2.3, …), 42 status rows across 9 suites (bionic, focal, jammy, noble, plucky, questing, trusty, upstream, xenial): DNE 21, needs-triage 7, not-affected 6, released 6, ignored 2. https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-61594

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2025-61594

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
ruby-lang uri < 0.12.5 cpe:2.3:a:ruby-lang:uri:*:*:*:*:*:ruby:*:*
ruby-lang uri >= 0.13.0, < 0.13.3 cpe:2.3:a:ruby-lang:uri:*:*:*:*:*:ruby:*:*
ruby-lang uri >= 1.0.0, < 1.0.4 cpe:2.3:a:ruby-lang:uri:*:*:*:*:*:ruby:*:*

References for CVE-2025-61594

cvelogic Threat Intelligence