CVE-2025-61771 | Rack's multipart parser buffers large non‑file fields entirely in memory, enabling DoS (memory exhaustion)

Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. In versions prior to 2.2.19, 3.1.17, and 3.2.2, ``Rack::Multipart::Parser` stores non-file form fields (parts without a `filename`) entirely in memory as Ruby `String` objects. A single large text field in a multipart/form-data request (hundreds of megabytes or more) can consume equivalent process memory, potentially leading to out-of-memory (OOM) conditions and denial of service (DoS). Attackers can send large non-file fields to trigger excessive memory usage. Impact scales with request size and concurrency, potentially leading to worker crashes or severe garbage-collection overhead. All Rack applications processing multipart form submissions are affected. Versions 2.2.19, 3.1.17, and 3.2.2 enforce a reasonable size cap for non-file fields (e.g., 2 MiB). Workarounds include restricting maximum request body size at the web-server or proxy layer (e.g., Nginx `client_max_body_size`) and validating and rejecting unusually large form fields at the application level.

Published: 2025-10-07 Last update: 2025-10-10 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]

Conclusion & alert: CVE-2025-61771 is rated Low Risk (35.5/100): CVSS High severity, with low exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.05%). Mandatory action: Monitor for updates and reassess as exploit intelligence or EPSS changes.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2025-61771

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2025-10-13 0.04% 0.05% +0.01%
2 2025-10-08 0.04%

Full EPSS history (2 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2025-61771

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
7.5 3.1 HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:N)
Doesn’t really leak secrets in a meaningful way.
Integrity (I:N)
Data isn’t meaningfully altered or forged.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
3.9 3.6 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2025-61771

GitHub Security Advisory for CVE-2025-61771

GHSA-w9pc-fmgc-vxvw · Severity: high · Ecosystem: rubygems — Rack: Multipart parser buffers large non‑file fields entirely in memory, enabling DoS (memory exhaustion)

OS Trackers for CVE-2025-61771

vendor priority summary link
debian not yet assigned CVE-2025-61771 not yet assigned priority: Debian including 1 source packages (ruby-rack), 5 status rows across 5 suites (bookworm, bullseye, forky, sid, trixie): resolved 5. https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2025-61771
redhat high https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-61771
suse high CVE-2025-61771 severity important: SUSE including 10 source package names (pcs-0.10.18-2.el8_10.7, pcs-0.11.10-1.el9_7.1, …), 20 product×package rows across 9 product lines (SUSE Liberty Linux 8, SUSE Liberty Linux 9, … (9 product lines)): Known Not Affected 14, Fixed 6. https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-61771/
ubuntu medium CVE-2025-61771 medium priority: Ubuntu including 1 source packages (ruby-rack), 9 status rows across 9 suites (bionic, focal, jammy, noble, plucky, questing, trusty, upstream, xenial): ignored 5, released 3, needs-triage 1. https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-61771

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2025-61771

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
rack rack < 2.2.19 cpe:2.3:a:rack:rack:*:*:*:*:*:ruby:*:*
rack rack >= 3.1.0, < 3.1.17 cpe:2.3:a:rack:rack:*:*:*:*:*:ruby:*:*
rack rack >= 3.2.0, < 3.2.2 cpe:2.3:a:rack:rack:*:*:*:*:*:ruby:*:*

References for CVE-2025-61771

cvelogic Threat Intelligence