CVE-2025-9290 | Authentication Weakness on Omada Controllers, Gateways and Access Points

An authentication weakness was identified in Omada Controllers, Gateways and Access Points, controller-device adoption due to improper handling of random values. Exploitation requires advanced network positioning and allows an attacker to intercept adoption traffic and forge valid authentication through offline precomputation, potentially exposing sensitive information and compromising confidentiality.

Published: 2026-01-23 Last update: 2026-03-16 Assigner: f23511db-6c3e-4e32-a477-6aa17d310630 Source: f23511db-6c3e-4e32-a477-6aa17d310630
NVD Status：Analyzed，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2025-9290 is rated Low Risk (25.5/100): CVSS Medium severity, with low exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.02%). Monitor for updates and reassess as exploit intelligence or EPSS changes.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2025-9290

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-01-23 — 0.02% —

Full EPSS history (1 record total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2025-9290

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
6.0 4.0 MEDIUM
CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:A)
Attacker has to be on an adjacent/local network segment.
Attack complexity (AC:H)
Exploitation depends on constrained or hard-to-reproduce conditions.
Attack requirements (AT:N)
No additional preconditions are required beyond normal reachability.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No privileges are required.
User interaction (UI:N)
No user interaction is required.
Vulnerable system confidentiality impact (VC:H)
High confidentiality impact on the vulnerable system.
Vulnerable system integrity impact (VI:N)
No integrity impact on the vulnerable system.
Vulnerable system availability impact (VA:N)
No availability impact on the vulnerable system.
Subsequent system confidentiality impact (SC:N)
No confidentiality impact on subsequent systems.
Subsequent system integrity impact (SI:N)
No integrity impact on subsequent systems.
Subsequent system availability impact (SA:N)
No availability impact on subsequent systems.
Exploit maturity (threat) (E:X)
Not defined: no reliable threat intelligence; scoring assumes the worst case (equivalent to Attacked).
Confidentiality requirement (CR:X)
Not defined: insufficient information; scoring treats this like High (worst case).
Integrity requirement (IR:X)
Not defined: insufficient information; scoring treats this like High (worst case).
Availability requirement (AR:X)
Not defined: insufficient information; scoring treats this like High (worst case).
Modified attack vector (MAV:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base Attack Vector (AV).
Modified attack complexity (MAC:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base Attack Complexity (AC).
Modified attack requirements (MAT:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base Attack Requirements (AT).
Modified privileges required (MPR:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base Privileges Required (PR).
Modified user interaction (MUI:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base User Interaction (UI).
Modified vulnerable system confidentiality impact (MVC:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base VC metric.
Modified vulnerable system integrity impact (MVI:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base VI metric.
Modified vulnerable system availability impact (MVA:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base VA metric.
Modified subsequent system confidentiality impact (MSC:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base SC metric.
Modified subsequent system integrity impact (MSI:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base SI metric.
Modified subsequent system availability impact (MSA:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base SA metric.
Safety (supplemental) (S:X)
Not evaluated.
Automatable (supplemental) (AU:X)
Not evaluated.
Recovery (supplemental) (R:X)
Not evaluated.
Value density (supplemental) (V:X)
Not evaluated.
Vulnerability response effort (supplemental) (RE:X)
Not evaluated.
Provider urgency (supplemental) (U:X)
Not evaluated.
 — — f23511db-6c3e-4e32-a477-6aa17d310630
5.9 3.1 MEDIUM
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:H)
Even with access, the exploit needs extra luck, timing, or a fussy environment to actually work.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:N)
Data isn’t meaningfully altered or forged.
Availability (A:N)
Service keeps running; no real outage angle.
 2.2 3.6 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2025-9290

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2025-9290

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
tp-link omada_controller < 6.0.0.24 cpe:2.3:a:tp-link:omada_controller:*:*:*:*:-:*:*:*
tp-link omada_controller < 6.0.0.100 cpe:2.3:a:tp-link:omada_controller:*:*:*:*:cloud:*:*:*
tp-link oc200_firmware < 1.37.9 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:oc200_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link oc220_firmware < 1.1.3 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:oc220_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link oc300_firmware < 1.31.9 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:oc300_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link oc400_firmware < 1.9.9 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:oc400_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link oc200_firmware < 2.22.9 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:oc200_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link oc220_firmware — cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:oc220_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link er605_firmware < 2.3.2 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:er605_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link er7206_firmware < 2.2.2 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:er7206_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link er7406_firmware < 1.2.2 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:er7406_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link er707-m2_firmware < 1.3.1 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:er707-m2_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link er7412-m2_firmware < 1.1.0 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:er7412-m2_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link er8411_firmware < 1.3.5 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:er8411_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link er706w_firmware < 1.2.1 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:er706w_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link er706w-4g_firmware < 1.2.1 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:er706w-4g_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link er706wp-4g_firmware < 1.1.0 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:er706wp-4g_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link er703wp-4g-outdoor_firmware < 1.1.0 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:er703wp-4g-outdoor_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link dr3220v-4g_firmware < 1.1.0 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:dr3220v-4g_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link dr3650v-4g_firmware < 1.1.0 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:dr3650v-4g_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link dr3650v_firmware < 1.1.0 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:dr3650v_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link er701-5g-outdoor_firmware < 1.0.0 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:er701-5g-outdoor_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link er605w_firmware < 2.0.2 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:er605w_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link er7212pc_firmware < 2.2.1 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:er7212pc_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link fr365_firmware < 1.1.10 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:fr365_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link g36w-4g_firmware < 1.1.5 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:g36w-4g_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link eap655-wall_firmware < 1.6.2 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:eap655-wall_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link eap660_hd_firmware < 1.6.1 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:eap660_hd_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link eap620_hd_firmware < 1.6.1 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:eap620_hd_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link eap610-outdoor_firmware < 1.6.1 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:eap610-outdoor_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link eap610_firmware < 1.6.1 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:eap610_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link eap623-outdoor_hd_firmware < 1.6.1 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:eap623-outdoor_hd_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link eap625-outdoor_hd_firmware < 1.6.1 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:eap625-outdoor_hd_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link eap772_firmware < 1.3.2 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:eap772_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link eap772-outdoor_firmware < 1.3.2 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:eap772-outdoor_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link eap770_firmware < 1.3.2 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:eap770_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link eap723_firmware < 1.3.2 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:eap723_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link eap773_firmware < 1.1.2 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:eap773_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link eap783_firmware < 1.1.2 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:eap783_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link eap772_firmware < 1.1.2 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:eap772_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link eap787_firmware < 1.1.2 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:eap787_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link eap720_firmware < 1.1.2 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:eap720_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link eap723_firmware < 1.1.2 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:eap723_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link eap725-wall_firmware < 1.1.2 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:eap725-wall_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link eap215_bridge_kit_firmware < 1.1.4 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:eap215_bridge_kit_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link eap211_bridge_kit_firmware < 1.1.4 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:eap211_bridge_kit_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link beam_bridge_5_ur_firmware < 1.1.5 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:beam_bridge_5_ur_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link eap603gp-desktop_firmware < 1.1.0 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:eap603gp-desktop_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link eap615gp-wall_firmware < 1.1.0 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:eap615gp-wall_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link eap625gp-wall_firmware < 1.1.0 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:eap625gp-wall_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link eap610gp-desktop_firmware < 1.1.0 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:eap610gp-desktop_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link eap650gp-desktop_firmware < 1.0.1 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:eap650gp-desktop_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link eap653_firmware < 1.3.3 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:eap653_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link eap650-outdoor_firmware < 1.3.3 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:eap650-outdoor_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link eap230-wall_firmware < 3.3.1 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:eap230-wall_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link eap235-wall_firmware < 3.3.1 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:eap235-wall_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link eap603-outdoor_firmware < 1.5.1 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:eap603-outdoor_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link eap653_ur_firmware < 1.4.2 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:eap653_ur_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link eap650-desktop_firmware < 1.1.0 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:eap650-desktop_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link eap615-wall_firmware < 1.1.0 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:eap615-wall_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link eap100-bridge_kit_firmware < 1.0.3 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:eap100-bridge_kit_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link er706w-4g_firmware < 2.1.0 cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:er706w-4g_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
tp-link omada_controller < 6.0.0.34 cpe:2.3:a:tp-link:omada_controller:*:*:*:*:-:*:*:*
tp-link omada_controller < 5.15.24 cpe:2.3:a:tp-link:omada_controller:*:*:*:*:-:*:*:*

References for CVE-2025-9290

cvelogic Threat Intelligence