CVE-2025-9973 | Authorization Bypass via Adaptive Authentication in WSO2 Identity Server Allows Cross-Organization Account Takeover

Due to not validating the organization context when executing adaptive authentication flows, the WSO2 Identity Server allows adaptive authentication logic to be triggered on unintended organizations. A malicious actor with privileges to configure adaptive authentication within one organization can leverage this functionality to execute authentication logic on other organizations and sub-organizations. This flaw allows bypassing authorization boundaries between organizations, leading to unauthorized access to critical operations and user accounts in other organizations. When adaptive authentication is enabled in a multi-organization deployment, a malicious actor with privileges to configure adaptive authentication in one organization could exploit this feature to perform critical operations in other organizations without authorization. This may result in privilege escalation, unauthorized access to resources, and potential account takeover across organizations.

Published: 2026-05-11 Last update: 2026-05-27 Assigner: ed10eef1-636d-4fbe-9993-6890dfa878f8 Source: ed10eef1-636d-4fbe-9993-6890dfa878f8
NVD Status：Analyzed，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2025-9973 is rated Low Risk (32.8/100): CVSS Medium severity, with low exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.07%). Monitor for updates and reassess as exploit intelligence or EPSS changes.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2025-9973

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-05-28 0.02% 0.07% +0.04%
2 2026-05-11 — 0.02% —

Full EPSS history (2 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2025-9973

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
6.4 3.1 MEDIUM
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:A)
Attacker has to be nearby on the network—same office, same link, that vibe—not the whole wide internet.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:H)
They need powerful rights—admin, root, or similar—before this pays off.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:L)
Might cause slowdowns, glitches, or partial disruption—not a full brick.
 0.9 5.5 ed10eef1-636d-4fbe-9993-6890dfa878f8
7.2 3.1 HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:H)
They need powerful rights—admin, root, or similar—before this pays off.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 1.2 5.9 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2025-9973

GitHub Security Advisory for CVE-2025-9973

GHSA-xm8v-8xxf-7x94 · Severity: medium — Due to not validating the organization context when executing adaptive authentication flows, the...

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2025-9973

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
wso2 identity_server >= 7.1.0, < 7.1.0.26 cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2025-9973

cvelogic Threat Intelligence