CVE-2026-41148 | Mermaid: Improper sanitization of `classDefs` in diagrams leads to CSS injection

Mermaid is a JavaScript tool that uses Markdown-inspired text to create and modify diagrams and charts. Versions 10.9.5 and prior, in addition to 11.0.0-alpha.1 through 11.12.0 are vulnerable to CSS injection through improper sanitization. The state diagram (and any other diagram type that routes user-controlled style strings through the createCssStyles parser) captures classDef values using an unrestricted regex that matches everything up to a newline. That value then flows unsanitized through addStyleClass() into createCssStyles() and is assigned to style.innerHTML, so a closing brace (}) in the value terminates the generated CSS selector and turns everything after it into a new CSS rule on the page. This enables page defacement, user tracking via url() callbacks, and DOM attribute exfiltration. This issue has been fixed in versions 10.9.6 and 11.15.0. If developers are unable to immediately upgrade, they can work around this issue by setting "securityLevel": "sandbox", which prevents the issue by rendering the mermaid diagram in a sandboxed <iframe>.

Published: 2026-05-22 Last update: 2026-05-26 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Deferred，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2026-41148 is rated Low Risk (27.4/100): CVSS Medium severity, with low exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.06%). Monitor for updates and reassess as exploit intelligence or EPSS changes.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2026-41148

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-05-23 — 0.06% —

Full EPSS history (1 record total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2026-41148

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
5.3 4.0 MEDIUM
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Exploitation conditions are straightforward and stable.
Attack requirements (AT:N)
No additional preconditions are required beyond normal reachability.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No privileges are required.
User interaction (UI:P)
A user has to participate (for example click/open/approve).
Vulnerable system confidentiality impact (VC:N)
No confidentiality impact on the vulnerable system.
Vulnerable system integrity impact (VI:L)
Limited integrity impact on the vulnerable system.
Vulnerable system availability impact (VA:N)
No availability impact on the vulnerable system.
Subsequent system confidentiality impact (SC:L)
Limited confidentiality impact on subsequent systems.
Subsequent system integrity impact (SI:L)
Limited integrity impact on subsequent systems.
Subsequent system availability impact (SA:L)
Limited availability impact on subsequent systems.
Exploit maturity (threat) (E:X)
Not defined: no reliable threat intelligence; scoring assumes the worst case (equivalent to Attacked).
Confidentiality requirement (CR:X)
Not defined: insufficient information; scoring treats this like High (worst case).
Integrity requirement (IR:X)
Not defined: insufficient information; scoring treats this like High (worst case).
Availability requirement (AR:X)
Not defined: insufficient information; scoring treats this like High (worst case).
Modified attack vector (MAV:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base Attack Vector (AV).
Modified attack complexity (MAC:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base Attack Complexity (AC).
Modified attack requirements (MAT:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base Attack Requirements (AT).
Modified privileges required (MPR:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base Privileges Required (PR).
Modified user interaction (MUI:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base User Interaction (UI).
Modified vulnerable system confidentiality impact (MVC:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base VC metric.
Modified vulnerable system integrity impact (MVI:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base VI metric.
Modified vulnerable system availability impact (MVA:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base VA metric.
Modified subsequent system confidentiality impact (MSC:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base SC metric.
Modified subsequent system integrity impact (MSI:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base SI metric.
Modified subsequent system availability impact (MSA:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base SA metric.
Safety (supplemental) (S:X)
Not evaluated.
Automatable (supplemental) (AU:X)
Not evaluated.
Recovery (supplemental) (R:X)
Not evaluated.
Value density (supplemental) (V:X)
Not evaluated.
Vulnerability response effort (supplemental) (RE:X)
Not evaluated.
Provider urgency (supplemental) (U:X)
Not evaluated.
 — — [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2026-41148

GitHub Security Advisory for CVE-2026-41148

GHSA-xcj9-5m2h-648r · Severity: medium · Ecosystem: npm — Mermaid: Improper sanitization of `classDefs` in diagrams leads to CSS injection

OS Trackers for CVE-2026-41148

vendor priority summary link
debian not yet assigned CVE-2026-41148 not yet assigned priority: Debian including 1 source packages (node-mermaid), 1 status rows across 1 suites (bullseye): open 1. https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2026-41148
ubuntu medium CVE-2026-41148 medium priority: Ubuntu including 1 source packages (node-mermaid), 5 status rows across 5 suites (jammy, noble, questing, resolute, upstream): DNE 3, needs-triage 2. https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2026-41148

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2026-41148

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
No affected products in dataset.

References for CVE-2026-41148

cvelogic Threat Intelligence