CVE-2026-44001 | vm2: Sandbox Escape via Promise Constructor Unhandled Rejection (Process Crash DoS)

Exp

vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.0, a sandbox escape vulnerability in vm2 v3.10.5 allows any sandboxed code to crash the host Node.js process via a single Promise constructor that triggers an unhandled rejection propagating to the host. The fix for CVE-2026-22709 (v3.10.2) only sanitized the onRejected callback in .then() and .catch() overrides and did not address the executor-to-unhandledRejection path. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.11.0.

Published: 2026-05-13 Last update: 2026-05-18 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Modified，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2026-44001 is rated Exploit Available (55.1/100): CVSS High severity, with low exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.05%). 1 public exploit reference(s) are indexed (Exploit-DB). Public exploits are available—assess exposure, apply mitigations, and prioritize patching.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Public exploit references (Exploit-DB) for CVE-2026-44001

EDB-ID Source Kind Published Link
— nvd_ref exploit_tag Exploit-DB ↗

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2026-44001

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-05-19 0.04% 0.05% +0.01%
2 2026-05-14 — 0.04% —

Full EPSS history (2 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2026-44001

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
8.6 3.1 HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:C)
Breaking this can reach past the original component and bite other resources—bigger blast radius.
Confidentiality (C:N)
Doesn’t really leak secrets in a meaningful way.
Integrity (I:N)
Data isn’t meaningfully altered or forged.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 3.9 4.0 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2026-44001

GitHub Security Advisory for CVE-2026-44001

GHSA-hw58-p9xv-2mjh · Severity: high · Ecosystem: npm — vm2 has a Sandbox Escape via Promise Constructor Unhandled Rejection (Process Crash DoS)

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2026-44001

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
vm2_project vm2 < 3.11.0 cpe:2.3:a:vm2_project:vm2:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*

References for CVE-2026-44001

cvelogic Threat Intelligence