CVE-2026-44459 | Hono: Improper validation of NumericDate claims (exp, nbf, iat) in JWT verify()

Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. Prior to 4.12.18, improper validation of the JWT NumericDate claims exp, nbf, and iat in hono/utils/jwt allows tokens with non-spec-compliant claim values to silently bypass time-based checks. This issue is not exploitable by an anonymous attacker; it only manifests when a malformed claim value reaches verify() — typically when the application itself issues such tokens, or when the signing key is otherwise under attacker control. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.12.18.

Published: 2026-05-13 Last update: 2026-05-13 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Analyzed，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2026-44459 is rated Low Risk (17.3/100): CVSS Low severity, with low exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.02%). Low composite risk—no urgent action required; patch on your normal maintenance cycle and revisit priority if CVSS or EPSS increases.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2026-44459

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-05-22 0.06% 0.02% -0.04%
2 2026-05-19 0.04% 0.06% +0.02%
3 2026-05-14 — 0.04% —

Full EPSS history (3 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2026-44459

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
3.8 3.1 LOW
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:H)
They need powerful rights—admin, root, or similar—before this pays off.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:L)
Some sensitive info could get out, but not a total data dump.
Integrity (I:L)
Attackers could change some data, but it’s limited—not everything goes.
Availability (A:N)
Service keeps running; no real outage angle.
 1.2 2.5 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2026-44459

GitHub Security Advisory for CVE-2026-44459

GHSA-hm8q-7f3q-5f36 · Severity: low · Ecosystem: npm — Hono has improper validation of NumericDate claims (exp, nbf, iat) in JWT verify()

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2026-44459

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
hono hono < 4.12.18 cpe:2.3:a:hono:hono:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*

References for CVE-2026-44459

cvelogic Threat Intelligence