CVE-2026-44728 | Improper Control of Generation of Code when compiling specifically crafted malicious code with @babel/plugin-transform-modules-systemjs

Babel is a compiler for writing next generation JavaScript. From 7.12.0 to before 7.29.4 and 8.0.0-alpha.13, using Babel to compile code that was specifically crafted by an attacker can cause Babel to generate output code that executes arbitrary code. This vulnerability is fixed in 7.29.4 and 8.0.0-alpha.13.

Published: 2026-05-26 Last update: 2026-05-27 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Analyzed，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2026-44728 is rated Low Risk (34.9/100): CVSS High severity, with low exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.02%). Monitor for updates and reassess as exploit intelligence or EPSS changes.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2026-44728

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-05-27 — 0.02% —

Full EPSS history (1 record total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2026-44728

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
8.2 3.1 HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:L)
They already need access on the box, or another person has to do something wrong; it’s not a remote drive-by.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:L)
A normal user session is enough; they don’t have to be admin.
User interaction (UI:R)
A real person has to do something—click, install, enable—otherwise it doesn’t land.
Scope (S:C)
Breaking this can reach past the original component and bite other resources—bigger blast radius.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 1.5 6.0 [email protected]
7.8 3.1 HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:L)
They already need access on the box, or another person has to do something wrong; it’s not a remote drive-by.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:R)
A real person has to do something—click, install, enable—otherwise it doesn’t land.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 1.8 5.9 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2026-44728

GitHub Security Advisory for CVE-2026-44728

GHSA-fv7c-fp4j-7gwp · Severity: high · Ecosystem: npm — @babel/plugin-transform-modules-systemjs generates arbitrary code when compiling malicious input

OS Trackers for CVE-2026-44728

vendor priority summary link
debian not yet assigned CVE-2026-44728 not yet assigned priority: Debian including 1 source packages (node-babel7), 5 status rows across 5 suites (bookworm, bullseye, forky, sid, trixie): open 5. https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2026-44728
suse high CVE-2026-44728 severity important: SUSE including 1 source package names (trento-web), 2 product×package rows across 2 product lines (SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP applications 16.0, openSUSE Leap 16.0): Known Not Affected 2. https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-44728/
ubuntu medium CVE-2026-44728 medium priority: Ubuntu including 1 source packages (node-babel7), 5 status rows across 5 suites (jammy, noble, questing, resolute, upstream): needs-triage 5. https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2026-44728

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2026-44728

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
babel babel >= 7.12.0, < 7.29.4 cpe:2.3:a:babel:babel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
babel babel 8.0.0 cpe:2.3:a:babel:babel:8.0.0:alpha0:*:*:*:*:*:*
babel babel 8.0.0 cpe:2.3:a:babel:babel:8.0.0:alpha1:*:*:*:*:*:*
babel babel 8.0.0 cpe:2.3:a:babel:babel:8.0.0:alpha10:*:*:*:*:*:*
babel babel 8.0.0 cpe:2.3:a:babel:babel:8.0.0:alpha11:*:*:*:*:*:*
babel babel 8.0.0 cpe:2.3:a:babel:babel:8.0.0:alpha12:*:*:*:*:*:*
babel babel 8.0.0 cpe:2.3:a:babel:babel:8.0.0:alpha2:*:*:*:*:*:*
babel babel 8.0.0 cpe:2.3:a:babel:babel:8.0.0:alpha3:*:*:*:*:*:*
babel babel 8.0.0 cpe:2.3:a:babel:babel:8.0.0:alpha4:*:*:*:*:*:*
babel babel 8.0.0 cpe:2.3:a:babel:babel:8.0.0:alpha5:*:*:*:*:*:*
babel babel 8.0.0 cpe:2.3:a:babel:babel:8.0.0:alpha6:*:*:*:*:*:*
babel babel 8.0.0 cpe:2.3:a:babel:babel:8.0.0:alpha7:*:*:*:*:*:*
babel babel 8.0.0 cpe:2.3:a:babel:babel:8.0.0:alpha8:*:*:*:*:*:*
babel babel 8.0.0 cpe:2.3:a:babel:babel:8.0.0:alpha9:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2026-44728

cvelogic Threat Intelligence