CVE-2026-54311 [Medium] | Security Vulnerability in N8n

n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to 2.25.7 and 2.26.2, an authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows could pollute the sandbox used by the Merge node's SQL Query mode. Because the sandbox context was cached and reused across all workflow executions on the instance, prototype mutations introduced by one user's workflow persist into subsequent Merge SQL executions belonging to other users or projects. This allowed a low-privileged attacker to intercept workflow data processed by other users on the same instance. This issue only affects multi-user n8n instances where more than one user has permission to create and execute workflows containing the Merge node in SQL Query mode. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.25.7 and 2.26.2.

#	Date	Old EPSS score	New EPSS score	Delta (New - Old)
1	2026-06-24	0.06%	0.30%	+0.24%
2	2026-06-13	—	0.06%	—

Date

Old EPSS score

New EPSS score

Delta (New - Old)

2026-06-24

0.06%

0.30%

+0.24%

2026-06-13

—

0.06%

—

Base score	Version	Severity	Vector	Exploitability	Impact	Score source
6.0	4.0	MEDIUM	`CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X` Click to expand Attack vector (AV:N) Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network. Attack complexity (AC:H) Exploitation depends on constrained or hard-to-reproduce conditions. Attack requirements (AT:P) Additional preconditions must be present for exploitation. Privileges required (PR:L) Low privileges are required. User interaction (UI:N) No user interaction is required. Vulnerable system confidentiality impact (VC:H) High confidentiality impact on the vulnerable system. Vulnerable system integrity impact (VI:N) No integrity impact on the vulnerable system. Vulnerable system availability impact (VA:N) No availability impact on the vulnerable system. Subsequent system confidentiality impact (SC:L) Limited confidentiality impact on subsequent systems. Subsequent system integrity impact (SI:N) No integrity impact on subsequent systems. Subsequent system availability impact (SA:N) No availability impact on subsequent systems. Exploit maturity (threat) (E:X) Not defined: no reliable threat intelligence; scoring assumes the worst case (equivalent to Attacked). Confidentiality requirement (CR:X) Not defined: insufficient information; scoring treats this like High (worst case). Integrity requirement (IR:X) Not defined: insufficient information; scoring treats this like High (worst case). Availability requirement (AR:X) Not defined: insufficient information; scoring treats this like High (worst case). Modified attack vector (MAV:X) Not defined: scoring uses the Base Attack Vector (AV). Modified attack complexity (MAC:X) Not defined: scoring uses the Base Attack Complexity (AC). Modified attack requirements (MAT:X) Not defined: scoring uses the Base Attack Requirements (AT). Modified privileges required (MPR:X) Not defined: scoring uses the Base Privileges Required (PR). Modified user interaction (MUI:X) Not defined: scoring uses the Base User Interaction (UI). Modified vulnerable system confidentiality impact (MVC:X) Not defined: scoring uses the Base VC metric. Modified vulnerable system integrity impact (MVI:X) Not defined: scoring uses the Base VI metric. Modified vulnerable system availability impact (MVA:X) Not defined: scoring uses the Base VA metric. Modified subsequent system confidentiality impact (MSC:X) Not defined: scoring uses the Base SC metric. Modified subsequent system integrity impact (MSI:X) Not defined: scoring uses the Base SI metric. Modified subsequent system availability impact (MSA:X) Not defined: scoring uses the Base SA metric. Safety (supplemental) (S:X) Not evaluated. Automatable (supplemental) (AU:X) Not evaluated. Recovery (supplemental) (R:X) Not evaluated. Value density (supplemental) (V:X) Not evaluated. Vulnerability response effort (supplemental) (RE:X) Not evaluated. Provider urgency (supplemental) (U:X) Not evaluated.	—	—	[email protected]
7.7	3.1	HIGH	`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N` Click to expand Attack vector (AV:N) Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine. Attack complexity (AC:L) Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup. Privileges required (PR:L) A normal user session is enough; they don’t have to be admin. User interaction (UI:N) Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping. Scope (S:C) Breaking this can reach past the original component and bite other resources—bigger blast radius. Confidentiality (C:H) Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way. Integrity (I:N) Data isn’t meaningfully altered or forged. Availability (A:N) Service keeps running; no real outage angle.	3.1	4.0	[email protected]

Base score

Version

Severity

Vector

Exploitability

Impact

Score source

6.0

4.0

MEDIUM

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

Click to expand

Attack vector (AV:N): Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network.
Attack complexity (AC:H): Exploitation depends on constrained or hard-to-reproduce conditions.
Attack requirements (AT:P): Additional preconditions must be present for exploitation.
Privileges required (PR:L): Low privileges are required.
User interaction (UI:N): No user interaction is required.
Vulnerable system confidentiality impact (VC:H): High confidentiality impact on the vulnerable system.
Vulnerable system integrity impact (VI:N): No integrity impact on the vulnerable system.
Vulnerable system availability impact (VA:N): No availability impact on the vulnerable system.
Subsequent system confidentiality impact (SC:L): Limited confidentiality impact on subsequent systems.
Subsequent system integrity impact (SI:N): No integrity impact on subsequent systems.
Subsequent system availability impact (SA:N): No availability impact on subsequent systems.
Exploit maturity (threat) (E:X): Not defined: no reliable threat intelligence; scoring assumes the worst case (equivalent to Attacked).
Confidentiality requirement (CR:X): Not defined: insufficient information; scoring treats this like High (worst case).
Integrity requirement (IR:X): Not defined: insufficient information; scoring treats this like High (worst case).
Availability requirement (AR:X): Not defined: insufficient information; scoring treats this like High (worst case).
Modified attack vector (MAV:X): Not defined: scoring uses the Base Attack Vector (AV).
Modified attack complexity (MAC:X): Not defined: scoring uses the Base Attack Complexity (AC).
Modified attack requirements (MAT:X): Not defined: scoring uses the Base Attack Requirements (AT).
Modified privileges required (MPR:X): Not defined: scoring uses the Base Privileges Required (PR).
Modified user interaction (MUI:X): Not defined: scoring uses the Base User Interaction (UI).
Modified vulnerable system confidentiality impact (MVC:X): Not defined: scoring uses the Base VC metric.
Modified vulnerable system integrity impact (MVI:X): Not defined: scoring uses the Base VI metric.
Modified vulnerable system availability impact (MVA:X): Not defined: scoring uses the Base VA metric.
Modified subsequent system confidentiality impact (MSC:X): Not defined: scoring uses the Base SC metric.
Modified subsequent system integrity impact (MSI:X): Not defined: scoring uses the Base SI metric.
Modified subsequent system availability impact (MSA:X): Not defined: scoring uses the Base SA metric.
Safety (supplemental) (S:X): Not evaluated.
Automatable (supplemental) (AU:X): Not evaluated.
Recovery (supplemental) (R:X): Not evaluated.
Value density (supplemental) (V:X): Not evaluated.
Vulnerability response effort (supplemental) (RE:X): Not evaluated.
Provider urgency (supplemental) (U:X): Not evaluated.

—

[email protected]

7.7

3.1

HIGH

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N Click to expand

Attack vector (AV:N): Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L): Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:L): A normal user session is enough; they don’t have to be admin.
User interaction (UI:N): Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:C): Breaking this can reach past the original component and bite other resources—bigger blast radius.
Confidentiality (C:H): Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:N): Data isn’t meaningfully altered or forged.
Availability (A:N): Service keeps running; no real outage angle.

3.1

4.0

[email protected]

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2026-54311

Vendor	Product	Version	Raw CPE
n8n	n8n	< 2.25.7	cpe:2.3:a:n8n:n8n::::::node.js::*
n8n	n8n	>= 2.26.0, < 2.26.2	cpe:2.3:a:n8n:n8n::::::node.js::*

References for CVE-2026-54311

URL	Tags
https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-9c38-2mcm-q7f7	Mitigation Vendor Advisory

URL

CVE-2026-54311 | n8n: Merge Node SQL Mode Prototype Pollution

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2026-54311

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2026-54311

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2026-54311

GitHub Security Advisory for CVE-2026-54311

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2026-54311

References for CVE-2026-54311