CWE-601 1492 CVEs MITRE definition ↗

CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')

Overview

CWE-601 (URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')) documents a weakness type used across vulnerability databases and security assessments. Use the sections below for definition, context, and mapped CVEs.

Security impact
Security impact: Depends on product and context; use CVE records, severity scores, and MITRE guidance to prioritize.

Description

The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.

Background details

Extended context from the CWE catalog (rendered from MITRE XHTML).

Phishing is a general term for deceptive attempts to coerce private information from users that will be used for identity theft.

Applicable platforms

Kind Name Class Prevalence OS / CPE
language Not Language-Specific Undetermined
technology Web Based Undetermined
technology Web Server Undetermined

Related CVEs in this database

These CVEs are mapped to this weakness in this database and kept for traceability and search.

CVE Published Summary
CVE-2026-43924 2026-06-03 FOSSBilling is a free, open-source billing and client management system. Prior to version 0.8.0, the Redirect module does not validate the URL scheme of administrator-configured destination URLs befor…
CVE-2026-41569 2026-06-02 authentik is an open-source identity provider. Prior to version 2026.2.3, the WS-Federation provider validates the user-supplied wreply parameter using a raw string prefix check rather than proper URL…
CVE-2026-40181 2026-06-02 React Router is a router for React. In versions 7.0.0 through 7.14.0 and 6.7.0 through 6.30.3, certain URLs passed to the redirect function can trigger an open redirect to an external domain due to pa…
CVE-2026-45278 2026-06-01 Nextcloud is an open source content collaboration platform. From version 6.1.0 to before version 8.2.2, an attacker can craft links that would redirect users to another website, when the victim uses t…
CVE-2026-40961 2026-06-01 A bug in the login redirect route in Apache Airflow allowed authenticated users to craft URLs that bypassed the `is_safe_url` check, enabling redirection from a trusted Airflow domain to an attacker-c…
CVE-2026-49380 2026-05-29 In JetBrains TeamCity before 2026.1 open redirect in the SAML plugin was possible
CVE-2026-45307 2026-05-28 Speakr is a personal, self-hosted web application designed for transcribing audio recordings. Prior to 0.8.20-alpha, the is_safe_url() helper used to validate post-login redirect targets applied urljo…
CVE-2026-44681 2026-05-27 Authlib is a Python library which builds OAuth and OpenID Connect servers. Prior to 1.6.12 and 1.7.1, an unauthenticated open redirect in Authlib's OpenIDImplicitGrant and OpenIDHybridGrant authorizat…
CVE-2026-45335 2026-05-27 WeGIA is a web manager for charitable institutions. Prior to 3.7.3, an Open Redirect vulnerability was identified in the /WeGIA/controle/control.php endpoint of the WeGIA application, specifically thr…
CVE-2026-49059 2026-05-27 URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Facebook Facebook for WooCommerce allows Phishing. This issue affects Facebook for WooCommerce: from n/a through 3.7.0.
CVE-2026-48924 2026-05-27 Jenkins Bitbucket OAuth Plugin 0.17 and earlier does not restrict the redirect URL after login, allowing attackers to perform phishing attacks.
CVE-2026-44833 2026-05-26 Snipe-IT is an IT asset/license management system. Prior to 8.4.1, an open redirect vulnerability in Snipe-IT allows attackers to redirect users to malicious sites via unvalidated HTTP Referer header …
CVE-2026-48589 2026-05-25 Apache Shiro’s Jakarta EE module used the HTTP Referer header in certain cases to issue redirect after a user login. In affected versions, insufficient validation of this client-controlled value could…
CVE-2026-44598 2026-05-25 With valid login credentials, URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect'), Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in Apache Shiro. This issue affects Apache Shiro from 2.0-alpha …
CVE-2026-47070 2026-05-25 Sensitive Data Exposure vulnerability in benoitc hackney allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data. The HTTP/3 redirect handler in src/hackney_h3.erl passes the original request headers unchanged to the…
CVE-2026-48832 2026-05-24 action/cookie.php in ecrire in SPIP before 4.4.15 is prone to an open redirect vulnerability.
CVE-2026-40295 2026-05-22 Devise is an authentication solution for Rails based on Warden. In versions 5.0.3 and below, when the Timeoutable module is enabled in Devise, the FailureApp#redirect_url method returns request.referr…
CVE-2026-2813 2026-05-20 ArcGIS Server contains an input validation weakness in the login redirection workflow. An Authenticated attacker could exploit this issue by sending a specially crafted request, Successful exploitatio…
CVE-2026-7504 2026-05-19 A flaw was found in Keycloak's URL validation logic during redirect operations. By crafting a malicious request, an attacker could bypass validation to redirect users to unauthorized URLs, potentially…
CVE-2025-65954 2026-05-18 SimpleSAMLphp-casserver is a CAS 1.0 and 2.0 compliant CAS server in the form of a SimpleSAMLphp module. In versions below 6.3.1 and 7.0.0, the logout endpoint accepts a url query parameter to redirec…

Previous names

  • Unsafe URL Redirection (2008-04-11)
  • URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (2008-09-09)
  • URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (aka 'Open Redirect') (2009-05-27)

Content submission

Name
Anonymous Tool Vendor (under NDA)
Date
2007-05-07
Version
Draft 6

Content modifications

Date Name Version Importance Comment
2008-07-01 Eric Dalci 1.0 updated Potential_Mitigations, Time_of_Introduction
2008-09-08 CWE Content Team 1.0 updated Alternate_Terms, Background_Details, Description, Detection_Factors, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Name, Relationships, Observed_Example, Taxonomy_Mappings
2008-10-03 CWE Content Team 1.1 updated References and Observed_Examples
2008-10-14 CWE Content Team 1.0.1 updated Alternate_Terms, Observed_Examples, References
2009-03-10 CWE Content Team 1.3 updated Relationships
2009-05-27 CWE Content Team 1.4 updated Name
2009-12-28 CWE Content Team 1.7 updated Demonstrative_Examples, Detection_Factors, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Potential_Mitigations
2010-02-16 CWE Content Team 1.8 updated Applicable_Platforms, Common_Consequences, Detection_Factors, Potential_Mitigations, Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
2010-04-05 CWE Content Team 1.8.1 updated Demonstrative_Examples
2010-06-21 CWE Content Team 1.9 updated Common_Consequences, Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships
2010-09-27 CWE Content Team 1.10 updated Potential_Mitigations
2011-06-01 CWE Content Team 1.13 updated Common_Consequences
2011-06-27 CWE Content Team 2.0 updated Relationships
2011-09-13 CWE Content Team 2.1 updated Potential_Mitigations, References
2012-05-11 CWE Content Team 2.2 updated Relationships
2012-10-30 CWE Content Team 2.3 updated Potential_Mitigations
2013-07-17 CWE Content Team 2.5 updated References, Relationships
2014-07-30 CWE Content Team 2.8 updated Detection_Factors, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
2015-12-07 CWE Content Team 2.9 updated Relationships
2017-11-08 CWE Content Team 3.0 updated Likelihood_of_Exploit, Modes_of_Introduction, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
2019-01-03 CWE Content Team 3.2 updated Related_Attack_Patterns
2019-06-20 CWE Content Team 3.3 updated Relationships, Type
2020-02-24 CWE Content Team 4.0 updated Applicable_Platforms, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
2020-06-25 CWE Content Team 4.1 updated Potential_Mitigations
2021-10-28 CWE Content Team 4.6 updated Relationships
2022-04-28 CWE Content Team 4.7 updated Relationships
2022-10-13 CWE Content Team 4.9 updated Observed_Examples
2023-01-31 CWE Content Team 4.10 updated Related_Attack_Patterns
2023-04-27 CWE Content Team 4.11 updated Description, Detection_Factors, References, Relationships
2023-06-29 CWE Content Team 4.12 updated Mapping_Notes
2024-02-29 CWE Content Team 4.14 updated Demonstrative_Examples
2024-11-19 CWE Content Team 4.16 updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Other_Notes
2025-09-09 CWE Content Team 4.18 updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences, Detection_Factors, Potential_Mitigations, References
2025-12-11 CWE Content Team 4.19 updated Applicable_Platforms, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities

Contributions

Type Name Date Comment
Content Michal Biesiada 2023-11-25 suggested that CWE include drive-by downloads and contributed references
cvelogic Threat Intelligence