protobuf.js: Denial of service from crafted field names in generated code

Description

Summary

protobufjs generated JavaScript property accessors from schema-controlled field and oneof names. Certain control characters in field names were not escaped before being embedded into generated function bodies. A crafted schema or JSON descriptor could therefore cause generated encode, decode, verify, or conversion functions to fail during compilation.

Impact

An attacker who can provide or influence a protobuf schema or JSON descriptor may be able to make affected message types unusable by causing protobufjs runtime code generation to throw a syntax error.

This is a denial of service issue for applications that load untrusted schemas or descriptors. Applications that only use trusted, application-defined schemas are not directly affected by this issue.

The issue is not known to allow code execution by itself.

Preconditions

  • The application must allow an attacker to control or influence a protobuf schema or JSON descriptor.
  • The crafted input must define a field name containing control characters that reach generated JavaScript property access.
  • The application must perform an operation that triggers protobufjs code generation for the affected type, such as encode, decode, verify, fromObject, or toObject.

Workarounds

Do not load protobuf schemas or JSON descriptors from untrusted sources with affected versions. If untrusted schemas must be accepted, validate field names before loading them and reject names containing control characters.

Basic information

Type
reviewed
Severity
medium
Advisory on GitHub
Open advisory ↗
Repository advisory
Open repository advisory ↗
Source code
Browse source ↗
Published (advisory)
2026-05-12 15:06:17 UTC
Updated
2026-05-14 20:35:24 UTC
GitHub reviewed
2026-05-12 15:06:17 UTC
NVD published
2026-05-13

EPSS Score

Score Percentile
0.09% 24.87%

CVSS Scores

Base score Version Severity Vector
5.3 3.1
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:N)
Doesn’t really leak secrets in a meaningful way.
Integrity (I:N)
Data isn’t meaningfully altered or forged.
Availability (A:L)
Might cause slowdowns, glitches, or partial disruption—not a full brick.

Identifiers

CWEs

CWE id Name
CWE-20 Improper Input Validation

Credits

  • VladimirEliTokarev (reporter)
  • dcodeIO (remediation_developer)

Affected packages (2)

Vulnerable version ranges and first patched releases as published by GitHub.

Ecosystem Package Vulnerable range First patched Vulnerable functions
npm protobufjs <= 7.5.5 7.5.6
npm protobufjs >= 8.0.0, <= 8.0.1 8.0.2

References

cvelogic Threat Intelligence