Convict has Prototype Pollution via startsWith() function

Description

Summary

A prototype pollution vulnerability exists in the latest version of the convict npm package (6.2.4). Despite a previous fix that attempted to mitigate prototype pollution by checking whether user input started with a forbidden key, it is still possible to pollute Object.prototype via a crafted input using String.prototype.

Details

The vulnerability resides in line 564 of https://github.com/mozilla/node-convict/blob/master/packages/convict/src/main.js where startsWith() function is used to check whether user provided input contain forbidden strings.

PoC

Steps to reproduce

  1. Install latest version of convict using npm install or cloning from git
  2. Run the following code snippet:
String.prototype.startsWith = () => false; 
const convict = require('convict');
let obj = {};
const config = convict(obj);
console.log({}.polluted);
config.set('constructor.prototype.polluted', 'yes');
console.log({}.polluted);    // prints yes -> the patch is bypassed and prototype pollution occurred

Expected behavior

Prototype pollution should be prevented and {} should not gain new properties.
This should be printed on the console:

undefined
undefined OR throw an Error

Actual behavior

Object.prototype is polluted
This is printed on the console:

undefined 
yes

Impact

This is a prototype pollution vulnerability, which can have severe security implications depending on how convict is used by downstream applications. Any application that processes attacker-controlled input using convict.set may be affected.
It could potentially lead to the following problems:

  1. Authentication bypass
  2. Denial of service
  3. Remote code execution (if polluted property is passed to sinks like eval or child_process)

Basic information

Type
reviewed
Severity
critical
Advisory on GitHub
Open advisory ↗
Repository advisory
Open repository advisory ↗
Source code
Browse source ↗
Published (advisory)
2026-03-26 18:55:41 UTC
Updated
2026-03-26 18:55:42 UTC
GitHub reviewed
2026-03-26 18:55:41 UTC

EPSS Score

No EPSS score in this advisory JSON.

CVSS Scores

Base score Version Severity Vector
9.4 4.0
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:L)
Attacker needs local access on the target system.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Exploitation conditions are straightforward and stable.
Attack requirements (AT:N)
No additional preconditions are required beyond normal reachability.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No privileges are required.
User interaction (UI:N)
No user interaction is required.
Vulnerable system confidentiality impact (VC:H)
High confidentiality impact on the vulnerable system.
Vulnerable system integrity impact (VI:H)
High integrity impact on the vulnerable system.
Vulnerable system availability impact (VA:H)
High availability impact on the vulnerable system.
Subsequent system confidentiality impact (SC:H)
High confidentiality impact on subsequent systems.
Subsequent system integrity impact (SI:H)
High integrity impact on subsequent systems.
Subsequent system availability impact (SA:H)
High availability impact on subsequent systems.

Identifiers

CWEs

CWE id Name
CWE-1321 Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')

Credits

  • kevgeoleo (finder)
  • vdata1 (finder)
  • reallyTG (coordinator)
  • fkiriakos07 (coordinator)
  • toufali (remediation_developer)
  • clouserw (remediation_reviewer)

Affected packages (1)

Vulnerable version ranges and first patched releases as published by GitHub.

Ecosystem Package Vulnerable range First patched Vulnerable functions
npm convict <= 6.2.4 6.2.5

References

cvelogic Threat Intelligence