js-toml Prototype Pollution Vulnerability

Description

A prototype pollution vulnerability in js-toml allows a remote attacker to add or modify properties of the global Object.prototype by parsing a maliciously crafted TOML input.

Impact

The js-toml library is vulnerable to Prototype Pollution. When parsing a TOML string containing the specially crafted key __proto__, an attacker can add or modify properties on the global Object.prototype.

While the js-toml library itself does not contain known vulnerable "gadgets", this can lead to severe security vulnerabilities in applications that use the library. For example, if the consuming application checks for the existence of a property for authorization purposes (e.g., user.isAdmin), this vulnerability could be escalated to an authentication bypass. Other potential impacts in the application include Denial of Service (DoS) or, in some cases, Remote Code Execution (RCE), depending on the application's logic and dependencies.

Any application that uses an affected version of js-toml to parse untrusted input is vulnerable. The severity of the impact, ranging from unexpected behavior to a full security compromise, is dependent on the application's specific code and its handling of object properties.

Patches

This vulnerability has been patched in version 1.0.2.

All users are advised to upgrade to version 1.0.2 or later to mitigate this issue. Users of all prior versions are affected.

Workarounds

If you are unable to upgrade to a patched version, the only mitigation is to ensure that any TOML input being passed to the js-toml library is from a fully trusted source and has been validated to not contain malicious keys.

References

  • This vulnerability was discovered and responsibly disclosed by siunam.

  • The Proof-of-Concept can be found at this Gist: https://gist.github.com/siunam321/f3dc4d21a5a932c67b6c11d0026f5afc

  • For more information on Prototype Pollution, see PortSwigger's explanation: https://portswigger.net/web-security/prototype-pollution

Basic information

Type
reviewed
Severity
high
Advisory on GitHub
Open advisory ↗
Repository advisory
Open repository advisory ↗
Source code
Browse source ↗
Published (advisory)
2025-08-04 16:07:05 UTC
Updated
2025-08-05 17:11:06 UTC
GitHub reviewed
2025-08-04 16:07:05 UTC
NVD published
2025-08-05 01:15:42 UTC

EPSS Score

Score Percentile
0.08% 23.87%

CVSS Scores

Base score Version Severity Vector
7.9 4.0
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Exploitation conditions are straightforward and stable.
Attack requirements (AT:N)
No additional preconditions are required beyond normal reachability.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No privileges are required.
User interaction (UI:N)
No user interaction is required.
Vulnerable system confidentiality impact (VC:N)
No confidentiality impact on the vulnerable system.
Vulnerable system integrity impact (VI:N)
No integrity impact on the vulnerable system.
Vulnerable system availability impact (VA:N)
No availability impact on the vulnerable system.
Subsequent system confidentiality impact (SC:H)
High confidentiality impact on subsequent systems.
Subsequent system integrity impact (SI:H)
High integrity impact on subsequent systems.
Subsequent system availability impact (SA:H)
High availability impact on subsequent systems.

Identifiers

CWEs

CWE id Name
CWE-1321 Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')

Credits

  • siunam321 (finder)

Affected packages (1)

Vulnerable version ranges and first patched releases as published by GitHub.

Ecosystem Package Vulnerable range First patched Vulnerable functions
npm js-toml < 1.0.2 1.0.2

References

cvelogic Threat Intelligence