n8n Merge Node has Arbitrary File Write leading to RCE

CVE-2026-25056 → View on GitHub ↗ View on CVE.org ↗ View on NVD ↗

Description

Impact

A vulnerability in the Merge node's SQL Query mode allowed authenticated users with permission to create or modify workflows to write arbitrary files to the n8n server's filesystem potentially leading to remote code execution.

Patches

The issue has been fixed in n8n version 2.4.0, 1.118.0. Users should upgrade to this version or later to remediate the vulnerability.

Workarounds

If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations:

  • Limit workflow creation and editing permissions to fully trusted users only.
  • Disable or restrict use of the Merge node if not essential for operations.
  • Review workflows for suspicious use of the Merge node's SQL Query mode.

These workarounds do not fully remediate the risk and should only be used as short-term mitigation measures.

Resources

n8n has adopted CVSS 4.0 as primary score for all security advisories. CVSS 3.1 vector strings are provided for backwards compatibility.

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Basic information

Type
reviewed
Severity
critical
Advisory on GitHub
Open advisory ↗
Repository advisory
Open repository advisory ↗
Source code
Browse source ↗
Published (advisory)
2026-02-04 19:39:41 UTC
Updated
2026-02-04 19:39:42 UTC
GitHub reviewed
2026-02-04 19:39:41 UTC
NVD published
2026-02-04 17:16:23 UTC

EPSS Score

Score Percentile
0.19% 41.18%

CVSS Scores

Base score Version Severity Vector
9.4 4.0 —
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Exploitation conditions are straightforward and stable.
Attack requirements (AT:N)
No additional preconditions are required beyond normal reachability.
Privileges required (PR:L)
Low privileges are required.
User interaction (UI:N)
No user interaction is required.
Vulnerable system confidentiality impact (VC:H)
High confidentiality impact on the vulnerable system.
Vulnerable system integrity impact (VI:H)
High integrity impact on the vulnerable system.
Vulnerable system availability impact (VA:H)
High availability impact on the vulnerable system.
Subsequent system confidentiality impact (SC:H)
High confidentiality impact on subsequent systems.
Subsequent system integrity impact (SI:H)
High integrity impact on subsequent systems.
Subsequent system availability impact (SA:H)
High availability impact on subsequent systems.

Identifiers

Type Value
GHSA GHSA-hv53-3329-vmrm ↗
CVE CVE-2026-25056 ↗

CWEs

CWE id Name
CWE-434 Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
CWE-693 Protection Mechanism Failure

Credits

  • nlgbao1340 (reporter)

Affected packages (2)

Vulnerable version ranges and first patched releases as published by GitHub.

Ecosystem Package Vulnerable range First patched Vulnerable functions
npm n8n < 1.118.0 1.118.0 —
npm n8n >= 2.0.0, < 2.4.0 2.4.0 —

References

cvelogic Threat Intelligence