Hashicorp Vault has an Observable Discrepancy on Existing and Non-Existing Users

Description

A timing side channel in Vault and Vault Enterprise’s (“Vault”) userpass auth method allowed an attacker to distinguish between existing and non-existing users, and potentially enumerate valid usernames for Vault’s Userpass auth method. Fixed in Vault Community Edition 1.20.1 and Vault Enterprise 1.20.1, 1.19.7, 1.18.12, and 1.16.23.

Basic information

Type
reviewed
Severity
low
Advisory on GitHub
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Repository advisory
Source code
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Published (advisory)
2025-08-01 18:31:19 UTC
Updated
2025-08-01 21:08:44 UTC
GitHub reviewed
2025-08-01 21:08:42 UTC
NVD published
2025-08-01

EPSS Score

Score Percentile
0.03% 7.92%

CVSS Scores

Base score Version Severity Vector
3.7 3.1
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:H)
Even with access, the exploit needs extra luck, timing, or a fussy environment to actually work.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:L)
Some sensitive info could get out, but not a total data dump.
Integrity (I:N)
Data isn’t meaningfully altered or forged.
Availability (A:N)
Service keeps running; no real outage angle.

Identifiers

CWEs

CWE id Name
CWE-203 Observable Discrepancy

Affected packages (1)

Vulnerable version ranges and first patched releases as published by GitHub.

Ecosystem Package Vulnerable range First patched Vulnerable functions
go github.com/hashicorp/vault < 1.20.1 1.20.1

References

cvelogic Threat Intelligence