ipRestriction() does not canonicalize IPv4-mapped IPv6 client addresses (e.g. ::ffff:127.0.0.1) before applying IPv4 allow or deny rules. In environments such as Node.js dual-stack, this can cause IPv4 rules to fail to match, leading to unintended authorization behavior.
The middleware classifies client addresses based on their textual form. Addresses containing ":" are treated as IPv6, including IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses such as ::ffff:127.0.0.1. These addresses are not normalized to IPv4 before matching.
As a result:
127.0.0.1) do not match because the raw string differs127.0.0.0/8, 10.0.0.0/8) are skipped because the address is treated as IPv6For example, with:
denyList: ['127.0.0.1']
a request from 127.0.0.1 may be represented as ::ffff:127.0.0.1 and bypass the deny rule.
This behavior commonly occurs in Node.js environments where IPv4 clients are exposed as IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses.
Applications that rely on IPv4-based ipRestriction() rules may incorrectly allow or deny requests.
In affected deployments, a denied IPv4 client may bypass access restrictions. Conversely, legitimate clients may be rejected when using IPv4 allow lists.
| Score | Percentile |
|---|---|
| 0.01% | 1.90% |
| Base score | Version | Severity | Vector |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5.3 | 3.1 | — |
|
| 6.3 | 4.0 | — |
|
| Type | Value |
|---|---|
| GHSA | GHSA-xpcf-pg52-r92g ↗ |
| CVE | CVE-2026-39409 ↗ |
| CWE id | Name |
|---|---|
| CWE-180 | Incorrect Behavior Order: Validate Before Canonicalize |
Vulnerable version ranges and first patched releases as published by GitHub.
| Ecosystem | Package | Vulnerable range | First patched | Vulnerable functions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| npm | hono | < 4.12.12 | 4.12.12 | — |