We have investigated reports of a spoofing vulnerability in AppX installer that affects Microsoft Windows. Microsoft is aware of attacks that attempt to exploit this vulnerability by using specially crafted packages that include the malware family known as Emotet/Trickbot/Bazaloader. An attacker could craft a malicious attachment to be used in phishing campaigns. The attacker would then have to convince the user to open the specially crafted attachment. Users whose accounts are configured to have fewer user rights on the system could be less impacted than users who operate with administrative user rights. Please see the Security Updates table for the link to the updated app. Alternatively you can download and install the Installer using the links provided in the FAQ section. Please see the Mitigations and Workaround sections for important information about steps you can take to protect your system from this vulnerability. December 27 2023 Update: In recent months, Microsoft Threat Intelligence has seen an increase in activity from threat actors leveraging social engineering and phishing techniques to target Windows OS users and utilizing the ms-appinstaller URI scheme. To address this increase in activity, we have updated the App Installer to disable the ms-appinstaller protocol by default and recommend other potential mitigations.
Conclusion & alert: CVE-2021-43890 is rated Critical Active Threat (92.1/100): CVSS High severity, with high exploitation likelihood (EPSS 25.24%, 96th percentile). Core evidence: CISA KEV confirms active exploitation (added 2021-12-15) affecting Microsoft / Windows. Unauthenticated remote administrative access may be possible. EPSS rose +8.80% over the last day, indicating growing attacker interest. Mandatory action: The CISA remediation deadline has passed—treat as an emergency patch priority.
Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.
: Microsoft Windows AppX Installer Spoofing Vulnerability · CISA KEV detail
: 2021-12-15
: 2021-12-29
: Apply updates per vendor instructions.
| EDB-ID | Source | Kind | Published | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | nvd_ref | exploit_tag | Exploit-DB ↗ |
EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).
| # | Date | Old EPSS score | New EPSS score | Delta (New - Old) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2026-05-08 | 16.44% | 25.24% | +8.80% |
| 2 | 2026-04-07 | 16.80% | 16.44% | -0.36% |
| 3 | 2026-03-25 | — | 16.80% | — |
Full EPSS history (32 records total)
CVSS metrics for this CVE.
| Base score | Version | Severity | Vector | Exploitability | Impact | Score source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7.1 | 3.1 | HIGH |
|
1.2 | 5.9 | [email protected] |
| 7.1 | 3.1 | HIGH |
|
1.2 | 5.9 | [email protected] |
| 6.0 | 2.0 | MEDIUM |
|
6.8 | 6.4 | [email protected] |
| Vendor | Product | Version | Raw CPE |
|---|---|---|---|
| microsoft | app_installer | < 1.16 | cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:app_installer:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
| microsoft | app_installer | < 1.11 | cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:app_installer:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ChrisTitusTech/winutil/pull/26 | Issue Tracking |
| https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2021-43890 | Patch Vendor Advisory |
| https://thehackernews.com/2023/12/microsoft-disables-msix-app-installer.html | Press/Media Coverage Third Party Advisory |
| https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/microsoft/microsoft-disables-msix-protocol-handler-abused-in-malware-attacks/ | Press/Media Coverage Third Party Advisory |
| https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2023/12/28/financially-motivated-threat-actors-misusing-app-installer/ | Exploit Vendor Advisory |
| https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2021-43890 | US Government Resource |