CVE-2023-41991

Exp

A certificate validation issue was addressed. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.6, iOS 16.7 and iPadOS 16.7. A malicious app may be able to bypass signature validation. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited against versions of iOS before iOS 16.7.

Published: 2023-09-21 Last update: 2025-11-05 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Analyzed，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2023-41991 is rated Active Exploitation (78.3/100): CVSS Medium severity, with medium exploitation likelihood (EPSS 3.90%). CISA KEV confirms active exploitation (added 2023-09-25) affecting Apple / Multiple Products. a weakness (CWE-295) Unauthenticated remote administrative access may be possible. The CISA remediation deadline has passed—treat as an emergency patch priority.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

CISA KEV Record for CVE-2023-41991

Name: Apple Multiple Products Improper Certificate Validation Vulnerability · CISA KEV detail

Exploit added: 2023-09-25

Action due: 2023-10-16

Required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2023-41991

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-05-10 3.55% 3.90% +0.35%
2 2026-05-06 3.20% 3.55% +0.34%
3 2026-05-04 — 3.20% —

Full EPSS history (53 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2023-41991

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
5.5 3.1 MEDIUM
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:L)
They already need access on the box, or another person has to do something wrong; it’s not a remote drive-by.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:R)
A real person has to do something—click, install, enable—otherwise it doesn’t land.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:N)
Doesn’t really leak secrets in a meaningful way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:N)
Service keeps running; no real outage angle.
 1.8 3.6 [email protected]
5.5 3.1 MEDIUM
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:L)
They already need access on the box, or another person has to do something wrong; it’s not a remote drive-by.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:R)
A real person has to do something—click, install, enable—otherwise it doesn’t land.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:N)
Doesn’t really leak secrets in a meaningful way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:N)
Service keeps running; no real outage angle.
 1.8 3.6 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2023-41991

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2023-41991

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
apple ipados < 16.7 cpe:2.3:o:apple:ipados:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
apple ipados 17.0 cpe:2.3:o:apple:ipados:17.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
apple iphone_os < 16.7 cpe:2.3:o:apple:iphone_os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
apple iphone_os 17.0 cpe:2.3:o:apple:iphone_os:17.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
apple macos >= 13.0, < 13.6 cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2023-41991

cvelogic Threat Intelligence